The global neonatal mortality rate fell from 37 (36, 38) deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 19 (18, 20) in 2016, and 2.6 (2.5, 2.8) million children died in the first month of life in 2016 – approximately 7,000 newborn deaths every day – most of which occurred in the first week, with about 1 million dying on the first day and close to 1 million dying within the next six days. Complication related to preterm births is the leading cause of death among children under five. Three-quarters of all neonatal deaths occur during the first week of life, 25–45% in the first 24 hours globally, nearly 1 million babies die each year from complications of premature birth and preterm birth is one of the leading causes of newborn morbidity and mortality globally.