{"id":45838,"date":"2020-08-01T08:00:12","date_gmt":"2020-08-01T12:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?p=45838"},"modified":"2021-08-09T15:45:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-09T19:45:34","slug":"how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"How Kenya is fighting back to protect breastfeeding: Addressing infant formula industry tactics during COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><em>By Dr. Justine A. Kavle and Ms. Rose Wambu<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>This year\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/worldbreastfeedingweek.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Breastfeeding Week<\/a> theme \u201cSupport Breastfeeding for a Healthier Planet\u201d resonates with Kenya. It is estimated that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR308\/FR308.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sixty-one percent of Kenyan children<\/a> less than six months of age are exclusively breastfed, with only breastmilk &#8211; a renewable, natural and free food source.\u00a0 Breastfeeding is a critical preventative intervention to combat child illnesses, such as COVID-19, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/pdfs\/journals\/lancet\/PIIS0140-6736(20)31647-0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rising child malnutrition<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7217645\/pdf\/main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">early child death<\/a> due to COVID-19 estimated \u00a0disruptions in health and food systems globally. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/5050\/infant-formula-companies-are-exploiting-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recent online reports reveal the infant formula industry <\/a>\u00a0exploits fear of COVID-19 infection through \u201cparent advice groups\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2020-07-30\/the-baby-brands-turning-indonesian-instagram-into-free-formula-milk-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mombassadors<\/a>. \u201d Public promotion of infant formula, via social media, \u00a0is prohibited by the International Code of Breastmilk substitutes (the Code) and threatens to undermine breastfeeding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How is the infant formula industry targeting health providers in Kenya?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During COVID-19, the infant formula industry has recently accelerated efforts by targeting professional associations, including the Kenya Pediatric Nurses Chapter\u00a0 and \u00a0the Nutritionists Association of Kenya, as well as health providers from large, well-regarded\u00a0 hospitals in the capital city of Nairobi.\u00a0 In July 2020, the \u00a0engagement with respected health professionals and nutritionists to provide informational sessions on topics such as \u201cthe burden of micronutrient deficiencies in infancy\u00a0 and the unsuitable use of breastmilk substitutes, \u201cis a tactic recognized by the Ministry of Health.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis tactic openly provides a way [for infant formula companies] \u00a0to discuss how breastmilk substitutes can be suitable- rather than unsuitable &#8211; as an alternative to breastfeeding, which is unacceptable,\u201c according to Rose Wambu, Ministry of Health<\/p>\n<p>A recent WHO report shows that Kenya is moderately aligned with the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240006010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a0International Code of Breastmilk Substitutes<\/a> (the Code).The Government of Kenya\u2019s Breast Milk Substitutes Regulation and Control Act \u00a0of 2012,\u00a0 prohibits advertisement and promotion of a designated or complementary food product, which \u00a0is in line with the 2019 National Policy for Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN), which complies with the Act and the Code. Further, according to Kenya regulations, health workers are not to accept gifts, including financial assistance, or funding for meetings, conferences, seminars or continuing education courses. Yet these actions show that to uphold the Code and global\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/10665332639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) for breastfeeding mothers<\/a>, \u00a0requires not only increasing providers\u2019 awareness and knowledge of the Code but\u00a0 also holding health providers accountable \u00a0for Code violations, especially\u00a0 during COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How is the Ministry of Health Kenya acting upon these Code violations by the infant formula industry?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Moving forward, \u00a0the Government of Kenya is working with partners to actively support the following actions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Distill guidance by the World Health Organization (WHO) at the country level: Breastfeeding women suspected or confirmed with COVID-19 should wear masks while feeding, use proper hand hygiene, and stay together with their infants (\u2018rooming-in\u2019) for effective breastfeeding.<\/li>\n<li>Galvanize action by \u00a0drafting \u00a0regulations on penalties for Code violators. The Government of Kenya is considering fines and\/or imprisonment for health providers that promote or distribute breastmilk substitutes.<\/li>\n<li>Collaborate with the Kenya National Infant and Young Child Feeding Committee and the MIYCN Technical Working Group, to release a statement addressed to infant formula companies by the Cabinet Secretary of Health which will condemn infant formula promotion \u00a0and guide actions to continue addressing this issue throughout the country at the subnational level.<\/li>\n<li>Create awareness amongst key stakeholders and health providers about the content of the Code, as Code monitoring data reveal Kenyan health workers do not have knowledge of the Code. Ensure health workers are equipped to understand their role, responsibilities and accountability to the public health system and families to protect and support breastfeeding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Dr. Justine A. Kavle and Ms. Rose Wambu This year\u2019s World Breastfeeding Week theme \u201cSupport Breastfeeding for a Healthier Planet\u201d resonates with Kenya. It is estimated that sixty-one percent of Kenyan children less than six months of age are exclusively breastfed, with only breastmilk &#8211; a renewable, natural and free food source.\u00a0 Breastfeeding is &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6956,"featured_media":45843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Healthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Kenya is fighting back to protect breastfeeding: Addressing infant formula industry tactics during COVID-19 - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Dr. Justine A. Kavle and Ms. Rose Wambu This year\u2019s World Breastfeeding Week theme \u201cSupport Breastfeeding for a Healthier Planet\u201d resonates with Kenya. It is estimated that sixty-one percent of Kenyan children less than six months of age are exclusively breastfed, with only breastmilk &#8211; a renewable, natural and free food source.\u00a0 Breastfeeding is &hellip; Continued\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-01T12:00:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-09T19:45:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1064\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"726\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Justine Kavle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Justine Kavle\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/\",\"name\":\"How Kenya is fighting back to protect breastfeeding: Addressing infant formula industry tactics during COVID-19 - Healthy Newborn Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-01T12:00:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-09T19:45:34+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#\/schema\/person\/433507d5188f54bac44d893458a0017b\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya.jpg\",\"width\":1064,\"height\":726,\"caption\":\"Photo: Breastfeeding mother in Kenya, courtesy of George Ndagu. 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Shared by Kavle Consulting."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/how-kenya-is-fighting-back-to-protect-breastfeeding-addressing-infant-formula-industry-tactics-during-covid-19\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How Kenya is fighting back to protect breastfeeding: Addressing infant formula industry tactics during COVID-19"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/","name":"Healthy Newborn Network","description":"Addressing critical knowledge gaps in newborn health.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#\/schema\/person\/433507d5188f54bac44d893458a0017b","name":"Justine Kavle","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/45183d57437829c3fab6578043c2121f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/45183d57437829c3fab6578043c2121f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Justine Kavle"},"description":"As Founder and CEO of Kavle Consulting, LLC I have 15+ years of experience as a public health nutritionist in the areas of nutrition program design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and research. I have worked with country partners to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices through the development of tools and approaches to address breastfeeding challenges and feeding of small and sick newborns.","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/blog\/author\/jkavle\/"}]}},"featured_image":"<img width=\"768\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya-768x524.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya-768x524.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya-1024x699.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Breastfeeding-in-Kenya.jpg 1064w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>","author_name":"Justine Kavle","author_image":"<img src=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/themes\/hnn\/dist\/images\/member-default.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"avatar avatar-32 photo\" height=\"32\" width=\"32\"\/>","acf_custom_fields":{"publication_date":"20200801","authors":[{"ID":6956,"user_firstname":"Justine","user_lastname":"Kavle","nickname":"jkavle","user_nicename":"jkavle","display_name":"Justine Kavle","user_email":"justine@kavleconsulting.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2020-06-27 21:40:05","user_description":"As Founder and CEO of Kavle Consulting, LLC I have 15+ years of experience as a public health nutritionist in the areas of nutrition program design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and research. I have worked with country partners to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices through the development of tools and approaches to address breastfeeding challenges and feeding of small and sick newborns.","user_avatar":"<img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/45183d57437829c3fab6578043c2121f?s=96&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/45183d57437829c3fab6578043c2121f?s=192&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' decoding='async'\/>"}],"additional_authors":"Ms. Rose Wambu","partners":[{"ID":45342,"post_author":"6956","post_date":"2020-07-02 10:37:21","post_date_gmt":"2020-07-02 14:37:21","post_content":"<strong>Mission: <\/strong>Kavle Consulting, LLC exists to help the world\u2019s leading organizations thrive by narrowing the gap between humanity\u2019s most pressing needs and practical solutions that work.\r\n\r\n<strong>Who We Are:<\/strong> Kavle Consulting, LLC, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kavleconsulting.com\">www.kavleconsulting.com<\/a>\u00a0 is a woman and minority-owned small business founded in October 2019.\u00a0 Kavle Consulting exists to move the needle in global health to effectively:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Provide quality nutrition and global health strategy and expertise on the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of programs and projects<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create and tailor practical approaches to address gaps in nutrition programming, policy, and implementation science research with local and global organizations.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cultivate and equip public health practitioners, organizations, and countries with transformative skillsets to meet humanity\u2019s most pressing needs today and in the future.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>What We Do:<\/strong> Kavle Consulting provides strategic planning and visioning for nutrition, technical advising on program design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation for global health, nutrition and food security, advancing solutions for real-time use by global health practitioners (i.e. training, supervision, and tools), practical implementation guidance (i.e. formative assessments, social behavior change approaches, data for decision making) and advising on implementation research.","post_title":"Kavle Consulting, LLC","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"kavle-consulting-llc","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2020-07-02 10:37:21","post_modified_gmt":"2020-07-02 14:37:21","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&#038;p=45342","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"issues":[{"ID":132,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:20:24","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:20:24","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Early and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child\u2019s life reduces child mortality and has health benefits that extend into adulthood. Breastfeeding benefits not only the child but the mother and family also, as it is free of cost and reduces the risk of infection in newborns, enhances neurodevelopment, and reduces the risk of acquiring certain non-communicable illnesses in adulthood. Breastmilk substitutes and animal milk not only lack essential immune-building components, they also expose the infant to an increased risk of infection and morbidity.<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">44<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690991173051{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of infants under six months of age who are exclusively breastfed (2015-2020)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">800<\/span>k<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690991296488{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of infant deaths that can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6735804\/\">attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding practices<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">20<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690991361409{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage reduction in risk of newborn death when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5025980\/#:~:text=About%2020%25%20of%20all%20neonatal,the%20neonatal%20period%20%5B17%5D.\">breastfeeding is initiated within one hour of birth<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Human milk feeding and breastfeeding have immediate and long-term benefits for all babies, including the preterm and low birth weight. Feeding small and sick newborns is challenging because of immaturity or medical conditions that interfere with effective oral feeding. Moreover, small newborns are further affected by variation in the gut microbiome and increased risk for infections.<\/p>\n<p>They often need care in special or intensive care units, which commonly results in separation from their mothers, creating additional challenges to feeding. Care for small and sick newborns must include the promotion of safe and optimal use of human milk (with cup or nasogastric tube), and subsequent transition to breastfeeding, to achieve adequate gain weight and growth in these infants. Staff caring for these babies require specific knowledge and competencies, as well as sufficient supplies for feeding small and sick newborns.<\/p>\n<p>Studies have shown that Early Total Enteral Feeding (ETEF) is safe and decreases the incidence of infections, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), enhances cognitive development, reduces days on parental nutrition, and helps shorten the time to achieve full feeds. Own mother\u2019s milk is the first choice for such babies. Delayed initiation of and infrequent breastmilk feeding can affect the establishment of milk supply and result in decreased milk supply and unnecessary use of breast milk substitutes. If the small baby cannot suckle at the breast, it is important to express, starting with the colostrum within an hour of birth to support the onset of lactation. Such mothers should continue to express every 2-3 hours for eight or more sessions during the day, including at night for ensuring no disruption of lactation and milk supply. To achieve low risk of contamination of expressed breast milk, it is very important to ensure hygienic milk collection, storage, and handling practices.<\/p>\n<p>When own mother\u2019s milk is not available, WHO and UNICEF promote the use of pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) as the second option in preference to formulas. However, WHO has specified that, this \u201crecommendation (is) relevant for settings where safe and affordable milk-banking facilities are available or can be set up;\u201d The use of formulas as the next option requires counseling the mothers and families on their proper and clean preparation. The use of preterm formulas should only be recommended when the VLBW baby is not gaining weight on standard formula and if it can be afforded. For babies smaller than 1500gm, the WHO recommends adding vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and iron supplements.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Key resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infant-and-young-child-feeding\">WHO Infant Feeding Recommendations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/nutritionlibrary\/breastfeeding\/unicef-who-capture-the-moment-eibf-2018.pdf?sfvrsn=587210cf_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Early Initiation of Breastfeeding to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-breastfeeding\">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Breastfeeding Q&amp;A (WHO)<\/a> + <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/breastfeeding-and-covid-19\">Scientific Brief\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lancet Breastfeeding Series (2016)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/topics\/child\/nutrition\/breastfeeding\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WHO Resources on Breastfeeding<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/breastfeeding-advocacy-toolkit\/\">Breastfeeding Advocacy Toolkit<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/who-recommendations-for-care-of-the-preterm-or-low-birth-weight-infant\/\">WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant (2022)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Breastfeeding and feeding of small and sick newborns","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"breastfeeding-and-feeding-of-small-and-sick-newborns","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-11-21 12:34:55","post_modified_gmt":"2023-11-21 17:34:55","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=132","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":120,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:18:23","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:18:23","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Information on the number, timing, and causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, as well as the care received by each mother and baby, is crucial for planning and delivering high-quality health services.<\/h2>\r\nWhile data availability and quality have improved in recent years, there are still big gaps in indicators for newborn care. The Every Newborn Action Plan Measurement Improvement Roadmap details the challenges in measurement and provides a multi-year, multi-partner pathway to improving metrics, including testing and standardizing indicator definitions and developing new tools.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">71\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1513274052338{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of newborn deaths that are preventable with access to quality health care\r\n<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1<\/span>\/<span class=\"ticker\">3<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1517246179677{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">babies do not have a birth certificate by their first\u00a0birthday<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">10<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456360643415{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of priority Every Newborn indicators identified<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> for more newborn health specific epidemiology including rates, trends, and causes of death.\r\n\r\nEpidemiology is the \u201cstudy of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems.\u201d Epidemiology examines how health conditions are distributed among a population and seeks to understand the risks or causes associated with those conditions.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]The numbers of stillbirths and neonatal deaths, and the causes, are generated through modeled estimates using information from national civil registration databases, household surveys, surveillance systems, and special studies. High-quality, universal birth and death registration are required to provide nationally representative, timely data, and to signify a shift in social norms to value counting every newborn baby and stillbirth. Increasing global momentum to improve the data is important, and highlights the human face of those who are counted the least\u2014newborn babies and stillbirths.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"Key resources\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Every-Newborn-Metrics-Cards_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Every Newborn Metrics Report Cards<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/supplements\/volume-15-supplement-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Count every newborn, a measurement improvement roadmap for coverage data<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/everynewborn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lancet Every Newborn Series (2014)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/every-newborn-action-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Every Newborn Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/184225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The WHO Technical consultation on newborn health indicators<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/153544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthdatacollaborative.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/hdc\/Documents\/the-roadmap-for-health-measurement-and-accountability.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Roadmap for Health Measurement and Accountability<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing\/epidemiology-monitoring-and-evaluation\/maternal-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing (Maternal and newborn health monitoring)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Epidemiology","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"data-epidemiology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-10-19 17:59:04","post_modified_gmt":"2022-10-19 21:59:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=120","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":49497,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2021-08-04 20:35:27","post_date_gmt":"2021-08-05 00:35:27","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>COVID-19 disease<\/h2>\r\nAccording to the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Current evidence indicates that COVID-19 does not appear to directly impact newborns. Few novel coronavirus infections have been reported in newborns, and these were almost uniformly asymptomatic. The few that had symptoms were reported to have mild illness.\r\n<h2><strong>There is no evidence of vertical mother-to-newborn transmission during pregnancy or via breastfeeding.<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Indirect adverse effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and newborns<\/h2>\r\nWhereas the <strong>direct effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and newborns are minimal, indirect adverse effects are becoming increasingly apparent<\/strong> and important areas of concern. These include potential disruptions of routine maternal and newborn health (MNH) care that is essential for the health and survival of mothers and newborns. Countries\u2019 responses to the pandemic \u2013 such as social distancing measures \u2013 can pose threats to continuing best practices by health care providers, as well as to home caregiver practices that are essential to newborn health and survival. Leading <strong>examples of these threats to best MNH practices<\/strong> include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>separation of mothers and newborns instead of promoting immediate skin-to-skin contact and rooming in, in facilities, and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>immediate and exclusive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/breastfeeding-and-feeding-of-small-and-sick-newborns\/\">breastfeeding<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/kangaroo-mother-care\/\">Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)<\/a> for preterm and small babies.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThus, pandemic mitigation by social distancing should not result in unintended harm to mothers and their newborns.\r\n\r\nThere is also a risk to mothers and babies that pandemic responses limit needed psychosocial support to mothers during pregnancy, delivery, and in the postpartum period. Additionally, the economic toll of the pandemic response poses serious risks to many families \u2013 especially mothers and newborns \u2013 living in poverty or near-poverty. Policies and programs must recognize and take steps to prevent or ameliorate these important risks which may otherwise be overlooked. These can include food insecurity, loss of livelihoods, misinformation, and lockdown-induced social isolation and loss of vital community\/family support.\r\n\r\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) and partners continue to monitor the evidence and provide guidance accordingly.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]<strong>Key Resources:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-2021-2\">Living guidance for clinical management of COVID-19<\/a>\u00a0(WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/questions-and-answers-covid-19-vaccines-and-pregnancy\/\">Questions and Answers: COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/coronavirus\/navigating-pregnancy-during-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pandemic\">Navigating pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 How to best protect yourself and your baby<\/a> (UNICEF)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/event\/maintaining-essential-mnch-services-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-lessons-from-19-countries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maintaining essential MNCH services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from 19 countries<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/technical-guidance\">View WHO Technical and Country Guidance<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth\">COVID-19, pregnancy &amp; childbirth<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099%2820%2930157-2\">Guideline for pregnant women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/a> (Lancet)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/coronavirus?dgcid=kr_pop-up_tlcoronavirus20\">Covid-19 Resource Center\u00a0<\/a>(Lancet)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/q-a-on-covid-19-and-breastfeeding\">COVID-19 &amp; breastfeeding<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/breastfeeding-and-covid-19\">Breastfeeding and COVID-19 Scientific Brief<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/guidelines-for-continued-newborn-healthcare-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/\">Guidelines for continued newborn healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: compiled programmatic information for implementers and project managers<\/a> (WHO)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/covid-19-technical-brief-for-antenatal-care-services\/\">COVID-19 Technical Brief for Antenatal Care Services<\/a> (UNFPA)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/covid-19-technical-brief-for-maternal-services\/\">COVID-19 Technical Brief for Maternal Service<\/a> (UNFPA)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.advancingnutrition.org\/news-events\/2020\/04\/24\/infant-and-young-child-feeding-recommendations-when-covid-19-suspected-or\">Infant and Young Child Feeding Recommendations When COVID-19 is Suspected or Confirmed<\/a> (USAID, UNICEF &amp; IFE)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resourcecentre.savethechildren.net\/library\/iycf-tools-context-covid-19\">Infant and Young Child Feeding Tools in the Context of COVID-19<\/a> (Save the Children)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Additional resources are regularly updated on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\">WHO website<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"COVID-19","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"covid-19","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-09-30 17:57:07","post_modified_gmt":"2022-09-30 21:57:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=49497","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[{"ID":247,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_date_gmt":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-02-11 21:42:43","post_modified_gmt":"2016-02-11 21:42:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=region&#038;p=247","menu_order":0,"post_type":"region","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"countries":[{"ID":190,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 21:59:16","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 21:59:16","post_content":"[vc_row][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453305596740{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Leading causes of neonatal deaths in Kenya (2020)\" el_class=\"transform:upperclass\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_round_chart type=\"doughnut\" stroke_width=\"1\" stroke_color=\"custom\" values=\"%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%221%25%20Diarrhoea%22%2C%22value%22%3A%221%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Tetanus%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23555555%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%229%25%20Pneumonia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%229%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22peacoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2239%25%20Preterm%20birth%20complications%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2239%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2226%25%20Intrapartum%20related%20events%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2226%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22turquoise%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%226%25%20Sepsis%20and%20other%20infectious%20conditions%20of%20the%20newborn%22%2C%22value%22%3A%226%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%227%25%20Congenital%20abnormalities%5Ct%22%2C%22value%22%3A%227%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2212%25%20Other%20conditions%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2212%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22chino%22%7D%5D\" custom_stroke_color=\"#f6f6f4\" css=\".vc_custom_1686158928999{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Estimates for causes of death 2000-2020 generated by the WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) 2023 and downloaded from <a href=\"http:\/\/data.unicef.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/data.unicef.org&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1551964625737000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFsFTtu9FzS8H64YC88NPOzQVbPwQ\">http:\/\/data.unicef.org<\/a><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" gap=\"5\" css=\".vc_custom_1453306441839{background-image: url(\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/country-stat-bkgr.jpg?id=389) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}\"][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453306493120{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"key indicators\" el_class=\"transform:uppercase text-white\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686159003707{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">18.4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686159017138{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1.9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Annual reduction in newborn mortality rate 2000-2021 (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1650893091343{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">50<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Proportion of under-5 child deaths that are newborn (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686159032200{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">18.5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stillbirth rate (deaths per 1,000 births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158945191{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">70.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Skilled birth attendance (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1484418978635{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">62\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1698696361666{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">8.8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preterm birth rate (births &lt;37 weeks per 100 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158969454{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">530<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1453307990481{margin-top: 20px !important;}\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Visit our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">page to explore the most recent data further<\/span><\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Kenya","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"kenya","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-10-30 16:04:37","post_modified_gmt":"2023-10-30 20:04:37","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=country&#038;p=190","menu_order":0,"post_type":"country","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"about_the_author":"<p>Ms. Rose Wambu, Ministry of Health, Division of Nutrition, Kenya. Dr. Justine A. Kavle, \u00a0Kavle Consulting, LLC.<\/p>\n","author_image":false,"ft_img_caption":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45838"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6956"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45838"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45838\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}