{"id":11419,"date":"2014-10-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/"},"modified":"2017-08-21T18:06:38","modified_gmt":"2017-08-21T22:06:38","slug":"a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/","title":{"rendered":"A Community Health Worker \u201clogic model\u201d: towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries"},"content":{"rendered":"

Background <\/strong>
There has been a resurgence of interest in national Community Health Worker (CHW) programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A lack of strong research evidence persists, however, about the most efficient and effective strategies to ensure optimal, sustained performance of CHWs at scale. To facilitate learning and research to address this knowledge gap, the authors developed a generic CHW logic model that proposes a theoretical causal pathway to improved performance. The logic model draws upon available research and expert knowledge on CHWs in LMICs.<\/p>\n

Methods <\/strong>
Construction of the model entailed a multi-stage, inductive, two-year process. It began with the planning and implementation of a structured review of the existing research on community and health system support for enhanced CHW performance. It continued with a facilitated discussion of review findings with experts during a two-day consultation. The process culminated with the authors’ review of consultation-generated documentation, additional analysis, and production of multiple iterations of the model.<\/p>\n

Results <\/strong>
The generic CHW logic model posits that optimal CHW performance is a function of high quality CHW programming, which is reinforced, sustained, and brought to scale by robust, high-performing health and community systems, both of which mobilize inputs and put in place processes needed to fully achieve performance objectives. Multiple contextual factors can influence CHW programming, system functioning, and CHW performance.<\/p>\n

Conclusions <\/strong>
The model is a novel contribution to current thinking about CHWs. It places CHW performance at the center of the discussion about CHW programming, recognizes the strengths and limitations of discrete, targeted programs, and is comprehensive, reflecting the current state of both scientific and tacit knowledge about support for improving CHW performance. The model is also a practical tool that offers guidance for continuous learning about what works. Despite the model’s limitations and several challenges in translating the potential for learning into tangible learning, the CHW generic logic model provides a solid basis for exploring and testing a causal pathway to improved performance. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The CHW generic logic model provides a solid basis for exploring and testing a causal pathway to improved performance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":11421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Community Health Worker \u201clogic model\u201d: towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The CHW generic logic model provides a solid basis for exploring and testing a causal pathway to improved performance.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-08-21T22:06:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/HRHjournal.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"160\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"160\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-community-health-worker-logic-model-towards-a-theory-of-enhanced-performance-in-low-and-middle-income-countries\/\",\"name\":\"A Community Health Worker \u201clogic model\u201d: towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries - 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The Every Newborn Action Plan Measurement Improvement Roadmap details the challenges in measurement and provides a multi-year, multi-partner pathway to improving metrics, including testing and standardizing indicator definitions and developing new tools.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">71\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1513274052338{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of newborn deaths that are preventable with access to quality health care\r\n<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1<\/span>\/<span class=\"ticker\">3<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1517246179677{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">babies do not have a birth certificate by their first\u00a0birthday<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">10<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456360643415{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of priority Every Newborn indicators identified<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> for more newborn health specific epidemiology including rates, trends, and causes of death.\r\n\r\nEpidemiology is the \u201cstudy of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems.\u201d Epidemiology examines how health conditions are distributed among a population and seeks to understand the risks or causes associated with those conditions.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]The numbers of stillbirths and neonatal deaths, and the causes, are generated through modeled estimates using information from national civil registration databases, household surveys, surveillance systems, and special studies. High-quality, universal birth and death registration are required to provide nationally representative, timely data, and to signify a shift in social norms to value counting every newborn baby and stillbirth. Increasing global momentum to improve the data is important, and highlights the human face of those who are counted the least\u2014newborn babies and stillbirths.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"Key resources\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Every-Newborn-Metrics-Cards_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Every Newborn Metrics Report Cards<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/supplements\/volume-15-supplement-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Count every newborn, a measurement improvement roadmap for coverage data<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/everynewborn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lancet Every Newborn Series (2014)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/every-newborn-action-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Every Newborn Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/184225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The WHO Technical consultation on newborn health indicators<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/153544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthdatacollaborative.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/hdc\/Documents\/the-roadmap-for-health-measurement-and-accountability.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Roadmap for Health Measurement and Accountability<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing\/epidemiology-monitoring-and-evaluation\/maternal-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing (Maternal and newborn health monitoring)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Epidemiology","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"data-epidemiology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-10-19 17:59:04","post_modified_gmt":"2022-10-19 21:59:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=120","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":124,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:18:57","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:18:57","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>In order to meet our maternal and newborn health objectives, we need health professionals and community health workers that:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Are readily available where and when needed<\/li>\n<li>Have the necessary knowledge and skills for the services they are providing<\/li>\n<li>Are appropriately motivated to provide the needed service<\/li>\n<li>Are adequately supported and enabled with supervision, support systems (supply chain and\u00a0information systems), necessary infrastructure (space, water, electricity, and communications), and more<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ensuring that this set of conditions is met depends on adequate human resources policy and management.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">82<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1691004009799{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of global births that were assisted by suitably qualified health workers between 2016 and 2021<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">66<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1691004076215{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of women in least developed countries that were assisted by suitably qualified health workers during birth between 2016 and 2021<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]Over the past decade and a half, considerable emphasis within global maternal-newborn health programs has been placed on \u201cskilled birth attendance,\u201d i.e., births assisted by suitably qualified health workers. This reflects the observation that for women delivering at home without ready access to emergency obstetrical care, support from traditional birth attendants proved inadequate to substantially reduce risk of death for the mother or newborn. Considerable effort has been expended in many settings to help ensure that women give birth with the assistance of qualified human resources, specifically a health worker, and generally in a health facility.<\/p>\n<p>However, in many instances there has not\u00a0been equal attention given to the actual substance of the care provided or the necessary supports to enable health workers to provide adequate care. In recent years, there has been increasing attention in program work to the quality and content of maternal-newborn services, particularly around the time of birth. This is reflected in current work at the World Health Organization on improving quality of maternal-newborn health care.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]Part of what is implied in the \u201cskilled birth attendance\u201d strategy is that assisting in childbirth does not necessarily require a physician. Many interventions related to maternal-newborn health can be competently delivered by categories of health workers with comparatively modest training.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, certain maternal-newborn services can be provided by categories of health workers labelled as \u201ccommunity health workers\u201d (CHWs). This is a broad designation that includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Health auxiliaries with training sometimes approaching that of registered nurses<\/li>\n<li>Paid full-time workers with several months of basic training<\/li>\n<li>Non-salaried but financially \u201cincentivized\u201d workers, typically working less than full-time<\/li>\n<li>Volunteers providing services on a periodic or intermittent basis with little or no financial incentives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\"13796\" add_caption=\"yes\" alignment=\"center\" css_animation=\"appear\"][vc_column_text]In some settings, there is more than one tier of CHWs.\u00a0When robustly supported (as they can be under project conditions), non-salaried and volunteer CHWs have been demonstrated as effective for various maternal- and newborn-related services. There are fewer examples of such work being effectively delivered at national scale, under non-project conditions. A very important but frequently neglected factor is the supports needed for effective programs.<\/p>\n<p>The issue is not so much,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>can <\/strong>CHWs be effective for a particular service?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But rather,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>what supports are necessary<\/strong> for effectiveness?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>are such supports feasible at scale<\/strong> under normal, non-project conditions?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Program efforts commonly address health worker knowledge and skills. This is typically done primarily by training. Motivation is less often given focused attention. Certainly, some aspects of performance can be positively affected by financial incentives, although such incentives can also have unintended negative consequences. However, motivation is more than just a matter of incentives.<\/p>\n<p>In many settings, legitimate and illegitimate absences from work significantly undermine reliable access to services. This can be a consequence, for example, of frequent off-site trainings. There are also many settings where health workers are either frequently away from their posts without authorization or where they offer services only for very limited periods of time each day.<\/p>\n<p>Even when health workers are at their posts, their practices are affected not only by material they may have been exposed to in training but also by other influences on what they consider appropriate care. For example, health workers may be well aware of what treatments are recommended or authorized in national treatment guidelines but may -- for any number of reasons -- prefer to offer treatments not reflected in official protocols. For human resources program efforts to be effective in ensuring availability of appropriate care, they need to respond to the actual factors influencing health worker practices.<\/p>\n<p>Supervision is often mentioned as an important performance factor in health worker practices. Certainly under project conditions, there are numerous examples of \u201csupportive technical supervision\u201d or \u201cmentoring\u201d that appear to have made a positive contribution to quality of care. There are, however, far fewer examples of this function being effectively delivered under non-project conditions. Health-facility-level quality improvement efforts can serve a somewhat similar function, whereby groups of health staff work collectively to improve performance, holding each other accountable.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Key resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/77764\">WHO Recommendations: Optimizing health worker roles for maternal and newborn health<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Human resources for health","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"human-resources","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 15:22:01","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 19:22:01","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=124","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"additional_authors":"J. Naimoli, D. Frymus, Tana Wuliji et al.","authors":false,"other_organizations":"","language":["en"],"type":"articles","external_links":[{"link":"http:\/\/www.human-resources-health.com\/content\/12\/1\/56"}],"files":[{"file":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/1478-4491-12-56.pdf"}],"regions":[],"countries":[],"partners":[{"ID":867,"post_author":"3748","post_date":"2010-04-12 20:08:27","post_date_gmt":"2010-04-12 20:08:27","post_content":"<p>World Vision is a Christian relief, development and advocacy organization founded in 1950 dedicated to working with children, families and communities in close to 100 countries to help them reach their full potential by addressing the causes of poverty and injustice. World Vision's nearly 40,000 staff and volunteers support worldwide implementation of child-focused, community-based multi-sector initiatives including education, health, economic development, microfinance, gender and development, peacebuilding, climate change, food security, agriculture, water and sanitation. World Vision’s current priority areas of health intervention focus on the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five and include: nutrition, prevention and treatment of malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia, and family planning, maternal and neonatal health. WV also addresses special health interventions, including HIV, neglected tropical diseases, and tuberculosis. World Vision works closely with host country health ministries to increase access to basic primary health care services and strengthen health care systems, structures, and personnel. The organization works to identify at-risk locations, including emergencies, preposition resources and personnel in high-risk zones, and build capacity and resilience among communities to help them protect themselves and rebuild. The organization also works to empower communities to conduct community-led advocacy for their rights at local, national and international levels to change unjust policies and practices.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What we do<\/h2>\r\n<p>World Vision is in nearly 100 countries all over the world and across the following regions: North America, Latin America, South America, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Europe, Australia. <\/p>\r\n","post_title":"World Vision International","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"world-vision-international","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-01-21 20:09:53","post_modified_gmt":"2016-01-21 20:09:53","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&p=867","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":834,"post_author":"2613","post_date":"2010-10-25 19:41:46","post_date_gmt":"2010-10-25 19:41:46","post_content":"<p>The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency that provides economic, development and humanitarian assistance around the world in support of the foreign policy goals of the United States.<\/p>\r\n<p>U.S. foreign assistance has always had the twofold purpose of furthering America's foreign policy interests in expanding democracy and free markets while improving the lives of the citizens of the developing world. Spending less than one-half of 1 percent of the federal budget, USAID works around the world to achieve these goals.<\/p>\r\n<p>USAID's history goes back to the Marshall Plan reconstruction of Europe after World War Two and the Truman Administration's Point Four Program. In 1961, the Foreign Assistance Act was signed into law and USAID was created by executive order.<\/p>\r\n<p>Since that time, USAID has been the principal U.S. agency to extend assistance to countries recovering from disaster, trying to escape poverty, and engaging in democratic reforms.<\/p>\r\n<p>USAID is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/our_work\/\">Our Work <\/a>supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n <li>  economic growth, agriculture and trade;<\/li>\r\n <li>  global health; and,<\/li>\r\n <li>  democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance. <\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>We provide assistance in five regions of the world:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n <li>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/locations\/sub-saharan_africa\/\">Sub-Saharan Africa<\/a>;<\/li>\r\n <li>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/locations\/asia\/\">Asia<\/a>;<\/li>\r\n <li> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/locations\/latin_america_caribbean\/\"> Latin America and the Caribbean<\/a>,<\/li>\r\n <li> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/locations\/europe_eurasia\/\"> Europe and Eurasia<\/a>; and<\/li>\r\n <li>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/locations\/middle_east\/\">The Middle East<\/a>. <\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>With headquarters in Washington, D.C., USAID's strength is its field offices around the world. We work in close partnership with private voluntary organizations, indigenous organizations, universities, American businesses, international agencies, other governments, and other U.S. government agencies. USAID has working relationships with more than 3,500 American companies and over 300 U.S.-based private voluntary organizations.<\/p>\r\n<h2>What we do<\/h2>\r\n<p>The objective of USAID’s neonatal program is to reduce neonatal mortality by building on and strengthening neonatal interventions within existing maternal and child health programs and linking with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in high HIV\/AIDS prevalence countries.<\/p>\r\n<p>Key program strategies include treating the mother and baby as a dyad by integrating maternal and newborn programs to support the full continuum of care during pregnancy, labor and birth, and after the birth of the baby with evidence-based perinatal and newborn interventions. USAID programs strengthen community-based approaches and empower families and communities to care for the newborn with simple preventive interventions such as warmth, hygienic cord care, early and exclusive breastfeeding, and to recognize and refer for complications such as infection. The program links communities to facilities, strengthens health systems, trains health providers, and improves quality of care in health facilities.<\/p>\r\n<p>By putting a spotlight on postpartum care, USAID has renewed its program efforts to strengthen the weakest link in the continuum of care to reach new mothers and their newborns for health services and information when most maternal and neonatal deaths occur. In a relatively new and evolving field, USAID’s newborn care program supports operations research to guide the identification, bundling, and scaling up of interventions and emphasizes the support of global and regional leadership and advocacy.<\/p>","post_title":"U.S. Agency for International Development","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"us-agency-international-development","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-01-21 19:44:00","post_modified_gmt":"2016-01-21 19:44:00","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&p=834","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/11419"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/11419\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=11419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}