{"id":34775,"date":"2019-02-06T09:45:55","date_gmt":"2019-02-06T14:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&#038;p=34775"},"modified":"2019-02-06T09:45:55","modified_gmt":"2019-02-06T14:45:55","slug":"feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal\/","title":{"rendered":"Feasibility assessment of an ergonomic baby wrap for kangaroo mother care: A mixed methods study from Nepal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Abstract<\/h1>\n<h2>Background<\/h2>\n<p>Kangaroo mother care, an evidence based practice and a national policy for management of low birth weight newborns in Nepal, is not widely practiced. This implementation research study aimed to explore the consumer preference and acceptability of the traditional and a new ergonomic wrap on the continuation of kangaroo mother care in the facility and community following discharge.<\/p>\n<h2>Methods<\/h2>\n<p>A mixed method feasibility study was done from May to October 2015. Ninety-six families of stable low birth weight newborns weighing 1800 to 2499 grams were counseled and taught to practice kangaroo mother care using both wraps. They were randomized into two groups of 48 with one group trying out the traditional wrap for the first six hours and the new wrap for the next six, and vice versa. Mothers were allowed to choose between the wraps for continuation of kangaroo mother care at the facility and post discharge. They were followed up telephonically weekly over 28 days postpartum to ascertain practice of kangaroo mother care. In-depth interviews with mothers (n = 12) and focus group discussions with health workers (n = 16) further evaluated the intervention. Descriptive statistics are presented for the quantitative part of the study.<\/p>\n<h2>Results<\/h2>\n<p>Mothers in the two groups chose the new wrap with no significant difference (81.3% vs 89.6%, p = 0.24). Of the 96 randomized mothers, 85% chose the new wrap. During the hospital stay, six mothers dropped out and remaining 90 mothers who were discharged with the intention of continuing Kangaroo Mother Care, 78 and 12 mothers did so with the new and traditional wrap respectively. New wrap users (429.1 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 351.7\u2013470.3) performed skin-to-skin contact for an extra 77.4 hours overall than traditional wrap (351.7 hours, 95%CI: 259.3\u2013444) users from first day to 28 day postpartum. Health workers and mothers reported positive experience with the new wrap as it was easy to wear without assistance, secure and flexible to move around in kangaroo mother care position.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p>Involvement of mothers and families with provision of ergonomic wraps showed improvement in kangaroo mother care practice during hospital stay and at home.<\/p>\n<p>Access the original article and any supplementary material <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0207206\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract Background Kangaroo mother care, an evidence based practice and a national policy for management of low birth weight newborns in Nepal, is not widely practiced. This implementation research study aimed to explore the consumer preference and acceptability of the traditional and a new ergonomic wrap on the continuation of kangaroo mother care in the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":34772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Healthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Feasibility assessment of an ergonomic baby wrap for kangaroo mother care: A mixed methods study from Nepal - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstract Background Kangaroo mother care, an evidence based practice and a national policy for management of low birth weight newborns in Nepal, is not widely practiced. This implementation research study aimed to explore the consumer preference and acceptability of the traditional and a new ergonomic wrap on the continuation of kangaroo mother care in the &hellip; Continued\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/feasibilityassessmentergonomicbabywrap.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"595\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"785\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/feasibility-assessment-of-an-ergonomic-baby-wrap-for-kangaroo-mother-care-a-mixed-methods-study-from-nepal\/\",\"name\":\"Feasibility assessment of an ergonomic baby wrap for kangaroo mother care: A mixed methods study from Nepal - 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This new program will build on the successes of the six-year Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe Maternal and Child Survival Program supports programming in maternal, newborn and child health, immunization, family planning and reproductive health, nutrition, health systems strengthening, water\/sanitation\/hygiene, malaria, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and pediatric HIV care and treatment.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe Program is focused on ensuring that all women, newborns and children most in need have equitable access to quality health care services to save lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n* USAID's high-priority countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, Senegal, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, and Zambia.\r\n<h2>What we do<\/h2>\r\nAwarded in the spring of 2014, the Maternal and Child Survival Program engages governments, policymakers, private sector leaders, health care providers, civil society, faith-based organizations and communities in adopting and accelerating proven approaches to address the major causes of maternal, newborn and child mortality such as postpartum hemorrhage, birth asphyxia, and diarrhea, respectively, and improve the quality of health services from household to hospital. The Program will tackle these issues through approaches that also focus on health systems strengthening, household and community mobilization, gender integration and eHealth, among others.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWith approaches tailored to meet individual country needs, the Program seeks to empower countries to design effective approaches, develop technical skills, apply analytical tools, manage workforce capacity and devote resources to reduce inequities in care and build sustainable health systems to keep mothers, newborns and children alive and healthy.","post_title":"Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP)","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"maternal-and-child-survival-program-mcsp","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-04-05 12:01:50","post_modified_gmt":"2016-04-05 16:01:50","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&#038;p=646","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":617,"post_author":"4273","post_date":"2010-04-12 00:15:37","post_date_gmt":"2010-04-12 00:15:37","post_content":"<p>Jhpiego is an international non-profit health organization affiliated  with&nbsp;The Johns Hopkins University. Jhpiego draws on its technical expertise  and&nbsp;extensive experience in the field- as well as the creativity and science  of &nbsp;The Johns Hopkins University- to prevent the needless deaths of women  and&nbsp;their families. For more than 35 years, Jhpiego has empowered  front-line&nbsp;health workers by designing and implementing effective, low-cost,  hands-on&nbsp;solutions to strengthen the delivery of health care services for  women and&nbsp;their families. With nearly 700 employees currently working in over  54&nbsp;counties, Jhpiego puts evidence-based health innovations into  everyday&nbsp;practice, breaking down barriers to high-quality health care for  the&nbsp;world&rsquo;s most vulnerable populations. Jhpiego's technical expertise lies  in&nbsp;the areas of maternal and child health, family planning and  reproductive&nbsp;health, cervical cancer prevention and treatment, and infectious  disease.<\/p>","post_title":"Jhpiego","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"jhpiego","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-01-21 00:17:31","post_modified_gmt":"2016-01-21 00:17:31","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&#038;p=617","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":623,"post_author":"722","post_date":"2010-04-12 00:20:27","post_date_gmt":"2010-04-12 00:20:27","post_content":"<p>The Department of International Health seeks to understand health problems&nbsp;and develop means of disease reduction and health protection in underserved&nbsp;populations around the world. International Health draws on all public health&nbsp;disciplines for application in global settings and emphasizes master's and&nbsp;doctoral training programs for students with international and cross-cultural&nbsp;interests. For more information: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jhsph.edu\/dept\/ih\/\">http:\/\/www.jhsph.edu\/dept\/ih\/<\/a><\/p>","post_title":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"johns-hopkins-bloomberg-school-public-health-department-international-health","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-01-21 00:22:10","post_modified_gmt":"2016-01-21 00:22:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&#038;p=623","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"other_organizations":"Koshi Jonal Hospital, National Academy of Medical Sciences","issues":[{"ID":128,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:19:45","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:19:45","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]Transforming care for the 30 million newborns who require medical care, and who are currently being left behind, is a smart investment in the health and development of future generations. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is one of the leading proven interventions that can radically improve inpatient care for small and sick newborns, leading to shorter hospitalizations and improved health outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>KMC refers to the practice of providing early, continuous, prolonged skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, exclusive breastmilk feeding, and follow-up care with high-risk newborns. It has shown to decrease mortality and morbidity in preterm and low birthweight infants by providing protection from infection; regulating temperature, breathing, and brain activity; and encouraging mother-baby bonding. In many cases, newborns who receive KMC are able to be discharged early from the hospital and KMC can be continued at home. When delivered as a complete package, it is highly effective at reducing newborn mortality \u2013 up to 40% according to recent data.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">14.7<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690899267181{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent of infants with low birthweight globally (2020)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">27<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666024070330{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent of infants who were not weighed at birth globally (2014-2020)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">40<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1466618727036{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percentage reduction in mortality of low birthweight infants (&lt;2000g) who receive KMC compared to conventional neonatal care*<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1545998791435{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002771.pub4\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #808080;\">*\u00a0Conde\u2010Agudelo and Diaz\u2010Rossello. 2016<\/span><\/a><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452735746534{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>KMC implementation<\/h4>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-1622 size-full alignnone\" src=\"\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/small-kmcimplementation.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"230\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The World Health Organization (WHO) <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/mca-documents\/nbh\/standards-for-improving-the-quality-of-care-for-small-and-sick-newborns-in-health-facilities-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=f2da583c_1\">recommends KMC<\/a> for the routine care of newborns weighing 2000 grams or less at birth, regardless of availability of incubator care. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026486\">Recent studies<\/a> are showing a significant decrease (25%) in morbidity and mortality for newborns who begin KMC immediately after birth, especially in newborns weighing between 1 kg and 1.79 kg. KMC can and should be started as soon as possible following birth, and can occur while stabilizing care is provided to the mother and newborn (eg, newborn receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress). Additionally, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/effect-of-community-initiated-kangaroo-mother-care-on-postpartum-depressive-symptoms-and-stress-among-mothers-of-low-birth-weight-infants-a-randomized-clinical-trial\/\">recent studies<\/a> have shown that KMC can be effectively implemented at home for newborns who are born outside of a facility, although all small newborns should receive post-natal care and follow-up with health care providers.<\/p>\n<p>There is a global push advocating for skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn for one hour immediately following birth for all newborns, regardless of size at birth. While skin-to-skin contact is a key component of KMC, skin-to-skin alone is not sufficient for small newborns. All small newborns should receive complete KMC care, depending on facility and national protocols.<\/p>\n<p>KMC is considered a part of family-centered, respectful newborn and maternal care. It can be implemented during the full continuum of care, and is especially effective transitioning from the facility to the household. Providers should be trained to educate mothers and fathers in home-based continued KMC, and encourage its use at the home following discharge. Additionally, early and immediate KMC can also support positive early development, beyond the physical health benefits and morbidity prevention.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Accelerating KMC uptake<\/h4>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-1621 size-full alignnone\" src=\"\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/small-acceleratingthisintervention.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"230\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Despite the many benefits of KMC, country-level adoption and implementation have been limited, and only a small proportion of newborns who could benefit from KMC receive it. Barriers to KMC implementation at the facility level include inadequate facilities and supplies for KMC, insufficient staffing in facilities, lack of training and prioritization of KMC by facility staff, and inadequate policy and professional commitment to KMC. At the family and community level, barriers include cultural norms that make practice of skin-to-skin care difficult, lack of family and financial support for mothers to practice KMC, limited understanding of KMC, and stressors related to extended hospitalization.<\/p>\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic was and continues to be a barrier for implementation of KMC in most settings. Infection prevention measures during the pandemic led to more newborns being separated from their mothers immediately following birth, even low birthweight and preterm newborns who would benefit from KMC. It is critical that infection prevention policies and government agencies do not recommend separation of mother and newborn, so that all vulnerable newborns receive KMC, even during COVID-19 outbreaks and infections.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_cta h2=\"Small and Sick Newborn Community of Practice\" txt_align=\"center\" color=\"sandy-brown\"]KMC features prominently as one of the core elements of care for the small or sick newborn.\u00a0 A new community of practice, the Small and Sick Newborn CoP (SSNB CoP) is an interactive platform that enables practitioners and experts to exchange ideas, share lessons learned, disseminate and discuss implementation research results and evidence regarding KMC and the other essential interventions comprising quality care of small for sick newborns.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ibpnetwork.org\/topics\/14356\">Click here<\/a>\u00a0to register for SSNC CoP and access webinars, networking, resources, events and much more.[\/vc_cta][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Key resources\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text]<strong>Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/global-position-paper-on-kangaroo-mother-care\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Position Paper on Kangaroo Mother Care: A transformative innovation in healthcare (2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/kangaroo-mother-care-implementation-strategy-for-scale-up-adaptable-to-different-country-contexts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kangaroo Mother Care: Implementation strategy for scale-up adaptable to different country contexts (2023)\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/who-recommendations-for-care-of-the-preterm-or-low-birth-weight-infant\/\">WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant (2022)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/mca-documents\/nbh\/standards-for-improving-the-quality-of-care-for-small-and-sick-newborns-in-health-facilities-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=f2da583c_1\">Standards for improving the quality of care for small and sick newborns in health facilities (2020)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/survive-and-thrive-transforming-care-for-every-small-and-sick-newborn\/\">Survive and Thrive: Transforming care for every small and sick newborn (2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/joint-statement-international-recommendations-interventions-improve-preterm-birth-outcomes\/\">Joint Statement: International WHO Recommendations on Interventions to Improve Preterm Birth Outcomes (2017)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/kmcjointstatement\/\">Kangaroo Mother Care Joint Statement (2016)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/kangaroo-mother-care-challenge-brief\/\">Kangaroo Mother Care challenge brief (2016)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/kangaroo-mother-care-implementation-guide\/\">Kangaroo Mother Care Implementation Guide (2012)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Research<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/effect-on-neonatal-sepsis-following-immediate-kangaroo-mother-care-in-a-newborn-intensive-care-unit\/\">Effect on neonatal sepsis following immediate kangaroo mother care in a newborn intensive care unit: a post-hoc analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03646-3\">Barriers and facilitators of facility-based kangaroo mother care in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review (2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026486\">Immediate \u201cKangaroo Mother Care\u201d and Survival of Infants with Low Birth Weight (2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(19)32223-8\/fulltext\">Effect of community-initiated kangaroo mother care on survival of infants with low birthweight: a randomised controlled trial (2019)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4750435\/\">Kangaroo mother care: a systematic review of barriers and enablers (2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Country Specific Resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/scaling-up-kangaroo-mother-care-in-ethiopia-and-india-a-multi-site-implementation-research-study\/\">Scaling up Kangaroo Mother Care in Ethiopia and India: a multi-site implementation research study (2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/mother-newborn-care-unit-mncu-experience-in-india-a-paradigm-shift-in-care-of-small-and-sick-newborns\/\">Mother\u2011Newborn Care Unit (MNCU) Experience in India: A Paradigm Shift in Care of Small and Sick Newborns (2022)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/3\"][vc_single_image image=\"20053\" img_size=\"medium\" onclick=\"custom_link\" link=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/kangaroo-mother-care-toolkit\/\"][vc_btn title=\"Kangaroo mother care toolkit\" color=\"1\" link=\"url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthynewbornnetwork.org%2Fkangaroo-mother-care-toolkit%2F|||\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Kangaroo Mother Care","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"kangaroo-mother-care","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-01 10:14:43","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-01 14:14:43","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=128","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":310,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2016-01-12 16:23:30","post_date_gmt":"2016-01-12 16:23:30","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453371307046{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanchi\/article\/PIIS2352-4642(21)00311-4\/fulltext\">most recent estimates<\/a>, preterm birth is a leading cause of under-5 mortality, claiming nearly 1 million lives every year.<\/h2>\r\nThe World Health Organization defines preterm birth as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. While many preterms survive in high-income countries, in low- and middle-income countries a lack of adequate newborn care puts the lives of many preterm babies at risk.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">15<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666023383014{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of babies born prematurely (2014)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">10.6<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666023354144{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rate of premature babies worldwide (2014)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">89<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1667425699228{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8850944\/pdf\/jogh-12-04011.pdf\">preterm births<\/a> that occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South-Asia (2012 - 2016)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Preventing preterm birth\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Although we still do not have a full understanding of the causes of preterm birth, several interventions may reduce the risk of a woman delivering early, including high-quality\u00a0antenatal care; good nutrition; screening and management of maternal infections, diabetes, and hypertension; smoking cessation; family planning; and prenatal care for adolescents. If a woman presents in preterm labor, administration of antenatal corticosteroids may\u00a0reduce mortality from respiratory distress, and antibiotics can reduce a baby\u2019s risk for infection.<\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Key resources:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/who-recommendations-for-care-of-the-preterm-or-low-birth-weight-infant\/\">WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight newborn (2022)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/joint-statement-international-recommendations-interventions-improve-preterm-birth-outcomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Statement: International WHO Recommendations on Interventions to Improve Preterm Birth Outcomes<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5\">National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30041-5\">Low birthweight: will new estimates accelerate progress?<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Nurturing-Care-Evidence-Review-and-Case-Studies-13Aug2019.pdf\">Nurturing care for small and sick newborns: Evidence review and country case studies<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/DNH_TechBrief_HumanMilkFeeding_7.9.19Final.pdf\">Safe and effective human milk feeding for small and sick newborns<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2013204\">Preterm birth\u2013associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/BornTooSoon-Report-April2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Born too soon<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ptb.srhr.org\/\">Latest global, regional and national estimates of levels of preterm birth<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/preterm-birth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lancet preterm birth series<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736%2808%2960074-4\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736%2808%2960108-7\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736%2808%2960136-1\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/every-newborn-action-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Every Newborn Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/9789241508988_eng.pdf\">WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes (2015)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Preterm birth complications","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"preterm-birth-complications","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-11-16 18:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2022-11-16 23:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&#038;p=310","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[{"ID":251,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_date_gmt":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Asia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"asia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_modified_gmt":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=region&#038;p=251","menu_order":0,"post_type":"region","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"countries":[{"ID":205,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 22:01:35","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 22:01:35","post_content":"[vc_row][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453305596740{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Leading causes of neonatal deaths in Nepal (2020)\" el_class=\"transform:upperclass\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_round_chart type=\"doughnut\" stroke_width=\"1\" stroke_color=\"custom\" values=\"%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%221%25%20Diarrhoea%22%2C%22value%22%3A%221%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Tetanus%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%234cadc9%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2210%25%20Pneumonia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2210%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22peacoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2230%25%20Preterm%20birth%20complications%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2230%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2227%25%20Intrapartum%20related%20events%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2227%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22turquoise%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%227%25%20Sepsis%20and%20other%20infectious%20conditions%20of%20the%20newborn%22%2C%22value%22%3A%227%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2213%25%20Congenital%20abnormalities%5Ct%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2213%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2213%25%20Other%20conditions%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2213%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22chino%22%7D%5D\" custom_stroke_color=\"#f6f6f4\" css=\".vc_custom_1686243919924{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Estimates for causes of death 2000-2020 generated by the WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) 2023 and downloaded from <a href=\"http:\/\/data.unicef.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/data.unicef.org&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1551964625737000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFsFTtu9FzS8H64YC88NPOzQVbPwQ\">http:\/\/data.unicef.org<\/a><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" gap=\"5\" css=\".vc_custom_1453306441839{background-image: url(\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/country-stat-bkgr.jpg?id=389) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}\"][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453306493120{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"key indicators\" el_class=\"transform:uppercase text-white\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686243984785{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">16.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686246052416{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">4.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Annual reduction in newborn mortality rate 2000-2021 (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651076793008{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">60<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Proportion of under-5 child deaths that are newborn (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686244002529{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">15.7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stillbirth rate (deaths per 1,000 births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686243937970{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">77.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Skilled birth attendance (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651076816817{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">42<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1698696810911{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">11.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preterm birth rate (births &lt;37 weeks per 100 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686243963635{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">174<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456604101532{margin-top: 20px !important;}\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Visit our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn numbers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">page to explore the most recent data further<\/span><\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Nepal","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"nepal","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-10-30 16:12:05","post_modified_gmt":"2023-10-30 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