{"id":44674,"date":"2020-06-02T09:07:43","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T13:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&p=44674"},"modified":"2020-05-22T16:10:45","modified_gmt":"2020-05-22T20:10:45","slug":"impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Background<\/h2>\n

Inappropriate nutritional intake in premature infants may be responsible for postnatal growth restriction (PGR) and adverse long-term outcomes.<\/p>\n

Objective<\/h2>\n

We evaluated the impact of an updated nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 longitudinal growth and morbidity, and secondly the compliance to this new protocol.<\/p>\n

Design<\/h2>\n

All infants born between 26\u201332 weeks gestation (GA) were studied retrospectively during two 6-month periods before (group 1) and after (group 2) the introduction of an optimized nutrition protocol, in a longitudinal comparative analysis.<\/p>\n

Results<\/h2>\n

158 infants were included; 72 before and 86 after the introduction of the protocol (Group 1: (mean\u00b1SD) birthweight (BW) 1154\u00b1276 g, GA 29.0\u00b11.4 weeks; Group 2: BW 1215\u00b1332 g, GA 28.9\u00b11.7 weeks). We observed growth improvement in Group 2 more pronounced in males (weight z-score) at D42 (\u22121.688\u00b10.758 vs. \u22121.370\u00b10.762, p = 0.045), D49 (\u22121.696 \u00b10.776 vs. \u22121.370\u00b10.718, p = 0.051), D56 (\u22121.748\u00b10.855 vs. \u22121.392\u00b10.737, p = 0.072), D63 (\u22121.885\u00b10.832 vs. \u22121.336\u00b10.779 p = 0.016), and D70 (\u22122.001\u00b10.747 vs. \u22121.228\u00b10.765 p = 0.004). There was no difference in females or in morbidities between the groups. We observed low compliance to the protocol in both groups: similar energy intake but higher lipid intake in Group 1 and higher protein intake in Group 2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Background Inappropriate nutritional intake in premature infants may be responsible for postnatal growth restriction (PGR) and adverse long-term outcomes. Objective We evaluated the impact of an updated nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 longitudinal growth and morbidity, and secondly the compliance to this new protocol. Design All infants born between 26\u201332 weeks gestation (GA) were … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":44676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Background Inappropriate nutritional intake in premature infants may be responsible for postnatal growth restriction (PGR) and adverse long-term outcomes. Objective We evaluated the impact of an updated nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 longitudinal growth and morbidity, and secondly the compliance to this new protocol. Design All infants born between 26\u201332 weeks gestation (GA) were … Continued\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-22T20:10:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"432\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/\",\"name\":\"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity - Healthy Newborn Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-02T13:07:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-22T20:10:45+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png\",\"width\":432,\"height\":533},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/\",\"name\":\"Healthy Newborn Network\",\"description\":\"Addressing critical knowledge gaps in newborn health.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Healthy Newborn Network","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity - Healthy Newborn Network","og_description":"Background Inappropriate nutritional intake in premature infants may be responsible for postnatal growth restriction (PGR) and adverse long-term outcomes. Objective We evaluated the impact of an updated nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 longitudinal growth and morbidity, and secondly the compliance to this new protocol. Design All infants born between 26\u201332 weeks gestation (GA) were … Continued","og_url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/","og_site_name":"Healthy Newborn Network","article_modified_time":"2020-05-22T20:10:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":432,"height":533,"url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/","name":"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity - Healthy Newborn Network","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png","datePublished":"2020-06-02T13:07:43+00:00","dateModified":"2020-05-22T20:10:45+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png","width":432,"height":533},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/impact-of-introducing-a-standardized-nutrition-protocol-on-very-premature-infants-growth-and-morbidity\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Impact of introducing a standardized nutrition protocol on very premature infants\u2019 growth and morbidity"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/","name":"Healthy Newborn Network","description":"Addressing critical knowledge gaps in newborn health.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"featured_image":"<img width=\"432\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact.png 432w, https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact-243x300.png 243w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/>","author_name":"HNN Team","author_image":"<img src=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/themes\/hnn\/dist\/images\/member-default.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"avatar avatar-32 photo\" height=\"32\" width=\"32\"\/>","acf_custom_fields":{"publication_date":"20200521","authors":false,"additional_authors":"Apolline Wittwer, Jean-Michel Hasco\u00ebt","type":"articles","language":["en"],"external_links":[{"link":""}],"files":[{"file":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/impact-of.pdf"}],"partners":[],"other_organizations":"","issues":[{"ID":310,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2016-01-12 16:23:30","post_date_gmt":"2016-01-12 16:23:30","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453371307046{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanchi\/article\/PIIS2352-4642(21)00311-4\/fulltext\">most recent estimates<\/a>, preterm birth is a leading cause of under-5 mortality, claiming nearly 1 million lives every year.<\/h2>\r\nThe World Health Organization defines preterm birth as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. While many preterms survive in high-income countries, in low- and middle-income countries a lack of adequate newborn care puts the lives of many preterm babies at risk.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">15<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666023383014{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of babies born prematurely (2014)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">10.6<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666023354144{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rate of premature babies worldwide (2014)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">89<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1667425699228{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8850944\/pdf\/jogh-12-04011.pdf\">preterm births<\/a> that occur in sub-Saharan Africa and South-Asia (2012 - 2016)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Preventing preterm birth\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Although we still do not have a full understanding of the causes of preterm birth, several interventions may reduce the risk of a woman delivering early, including high-quality\u00a0antenatal care; good nutrition; screening and management of maternal infections, diabetes, and hypertension; smoking cessation; family planning; and prenatal care for adolescents. If a woman presents in preterm labor, administration of antenatal corticosteroids may\u00a0reduce mortality from respiratory distress, and antibiotics can reduce a baby\u2019s risk for infection.<\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Key resources:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/who-recommendations-for-care-of-the-preterm-or-low-birth-weight-infant\/\">WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight newborn (2022)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/joint-statement-international-recommendations-interventions-improve-preterm-birth-outcomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Statement: International WHO Recommendations on Interventions to Improve Preterm Birth Outcomes<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5\">National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30041-5\">Low birthweight: will new estimates accelerate progress?<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Nurturing-Care-Evidence-Review-and-Case-Studies-13Aug2019.pdf\">Nurturing care for small and sick newborns: Evidence review and country case studies<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/DNH_TechBrief_HumanMilkFeeding_7.9.19Final.pdf\">Safe and effective human milk feeding for small and sick newborns<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2013204\">Preterm birth\u2013associated neurodevelopmental impairment estimates at regional and global levels for 2010<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/BornTooSoon-Report-April2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Born too soon<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ptb.srhr.org\/\">Latest global, regional and national estimates of levels of preterm birth<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/preterm-birth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lancet preterm birth series<\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736%2808%2960074-4\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736%2808%2960108-7\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions to reduce the morbidity and mortality of preterm birth<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736%2808%2960136-1\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/every-newborn-action-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Every Newborn Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/9789241508988_eng.pdf\">WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes (2015)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Preterm birth complications","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"preterm-birth-complications","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-11-16 18:35:44","post_modified_gmt":"2022-11-16 23:35:44","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=310","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":132,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:20:24","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:20:24","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Early and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child\u2019s life reduces child mortality and has health benefits that extend into adulthood. Breastfeeding benefits not only the child but the mother and family also, as it is free of cost and reduces the risk of infection in newborns, enhances neurodevelopment, and reduces the risk of acquiring certain non-communicable illnesses in adulthood. Breastmilk substitutes and animal milk not only lack essential immune-building components, they also expose the infant to an increased risk of infection and morbidity.<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">44<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690991173051{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of infants under six months of age who are exclusively breastfed (2015-2020)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">800<\/span>k<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690991296488{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of infant deaths that can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6735804\/\">attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding practices<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">20<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690991361409{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage reduction in risk of newborn death when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5025980\/#:~:text=About%2020%25%20of%20all%20neonatal,the%20neonatal%20period%20%5B17%5D.\">breastfeeding is initiated within one hour of birth<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Human milk feeding and breastfeeding have immediate and long-term benefits for all babies, including the preterm and low birth weight. Feeding small and sick newborns is challenging because of immaturity or medical conditions that interfere with effective oral feeding. Moreover, small newborns are further affected by variation in the gut microbiome and increased risk for infections.<\/p>\n<p>They often need care in special or intensive care units, which commonly results in separation from their mothers, creating additional challenges to feeding. Care for small and sick newborns must include the promotion of safe and optimal use of human milk (with cup or nasogastric tube), and subsequent transition to breastfeeding, to achieve adequate gain weight and growth in these infants. Staff caring for these babies require specific knowledge and competencies, as well as sufficient supplies for feeding small and sick newborns.<\/p>\n<p>Studies have shown that Early Total Enteral Feeding (ETEF) is safe and decreases the incidence of infections, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), enhances cognitive development, reduces days on parental nutrition, and helps shorten the time to achieve full feeds. Own mother\u2019s milk is the first choice for such babies. Delayed initiation of and infrequent breastmilk feeding can affect the establishment of milk supply and result in decreased milk supply and unnecessary use of breast milk substitutes. If the small baby cannot suckle at the breast, it is important to express, starting with the colostrum within an hour of birth to support the onset of lactation. Such mothers should continue to express every 2-3 hours for eight or more sessions during the day, including at night for ensuring no disruption of lactation and milk supply. To achieve low risk of contamination of expressed breast milk, it is very important to ensure hygienic milk collection, storage, and handling practices.<\/p>\n<p>When own mother\u2019s milk is not available, WHO and UNICEF promote the use of pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) as the second option in preference to formulas. However, WHO has specified that, this \u201crecommendation (is) relevant for settings where safe and affordable milk-banking facilities are available or can be set up;\u201d The use of formulas as the next option requires counseling the mothers and families on their proper and clean preparation. The use of preterm formulas should only be recommended when the VLBW baby is not gaining weight on standard formula and if it can be afforded. For babies smaller than 1500gm, the WHO recommends adding vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and iron supplements.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Key resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infant-and-young-child-feeding\">WHO Infant Feeding Recommendations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/nutritionlibrary\/breastfeeding\/unicef-who-capture-the-moment-eibf-2018.pdf?sfvrsn=587210cf_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Early Initiation of Breastfeeding to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-breastfeeding\">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Breastfeeding Q&A (WHO)<\/a> + <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/breastfeeding-and-covid-19\">Scientific Brief\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lancet Breastfeeding Series (2016)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/topics\/child\/nutrition\/breastfeeding\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WHO Resources on Breastfeeding<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/breastfeeding-advocacy-toolkit\/\">Breastfeeding Advocacy Toolkit<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/who-recommendations-for-care-of-the-preterm-or-low-birth-weight-infant\/\">WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant (2022)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Breastfeeding and feeding of small and sick newborns","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"breastfeeding-and-feeding-of-small-and-sick-newborns","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-11-21 12:34:55","post_modified_gmt":"2023-11-21 17:34:55","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=132","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[],"countries":[],"views":"873"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/44674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44674"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/44674\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=44674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}