{"id":54659,"date":"2022-07-19T12:56:58","date_gmt":"2022-07-19T16:56:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&p=54659"},"modified":"2022-07-19T12:56:58","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T16:56:58","slug":"the-causes-of-stillbirths-in-south-asia","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/the-causes-of-stillbirths-in-south-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"The causes of stillbirths in south Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Results from a prospective study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe)<\/em><\/h2>\n

Background<\/h2>\n

South Asia contributes more than a third of all global stillbirths, yet the causes remain largely unstudied in this region. New investigations, including novel assessments of placental and fetal tissues, facilitate more precise determination of the underlying causes of stillbirth. We sought to assess underlying and contributing causes of stillbirth<\/a>\u00a0from settings in India and Pakistan.<\/p>\n

Methods<\/h2>\n

In this prospective cohort study (PURPOSe), we report the cause of death in stillbirths in hospitals in central India and south Pakistan (Davangere, India [three public and private hospitals] and Karachi, Pakistan [one public maternity and one children’s hospital]). Women aged 15 years or older and with a known stillbirth (defined as a pregnancy at 20 or more weeks of gestation with the in-utero death of a fetus) weighing 1000 g or more were included in the study. Maternal clinical factors, placental evaluation, fetal tissue evaluation (from minimally invasive tissue sampling), and PCR for microbial pathogens were used to identify the causes of death. An expert panel reviewed available data for all stillbirths to identify the primary and contributing maternal, placental, and fetal causes of stillbirth.<\/p>\n

Findings<\/h2>\n

Between Sept 1, 2018, and Feb 12, 2020, 981 stillborns were included and, of those, 611 were reviewed by the expert panel. The primary maternal causes of stillbirth were hypertensive disease in 221 (36%) of 611 stillbirths, followed by severe anaemia in 66 (11%) stillbirths. The primary placental causes were maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion, in 289 (47%) stillbirths. The primary fetal cause of stillbirth was intrauterine hypoxia, in 437 (72%) stillbirths. We assessed the overlap of main causes and 116 (19%) stillbirths had intrauterine hypoxia, placental malperfusion, and eclampsia or pre-eclampsia indicated as primary causes of death. Infection (including of the placenta, its membranes, and in the fetus) and congenital anomalies also were causative of stillbirth.<\/p>\n

Interpretation<\/h2>\n

In south Asia, fetal asphyxia is the major cause of stillbirth. Several placental lesions, especially those associated with maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion and placental abruption, have an important role in asphyxia and fetal death. Maternal hypertension, and especially pre-eclampsia, is often the primary maternal condition associated with this pathway.<\/p>\n

\n

Read more about Stillbirths here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Results from a prospective study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe) Background South Asia contributes more than a third of all global stillbirths, yet the causes remain largely unstudied in this region. New investigations, including novel assessments of placental and fetal tissues, facilitate more precise determination of the underlying causes of stillbirth. We sought to assess … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":54663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This study sought to assess underlying and contributing causes of stillbirths in south Asia (India and Pakistan).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/the-causes-of-stillbirths-in-south-asia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The causes of stillbirths in south Asia - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This study sought to assess underlying and contributing causes of stillbirths in south Asia (India and Pakistan).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/the-causes-of-stillbirths-in-south-asia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/PURPOSe-Study-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"886\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1179\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/the-causes-of-stillbirths-in-south-asia\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/the-causes-of-stillbirths-in-south-asia\/\",\"name\":\"The causes of stillbirths in south Asia - 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McClure, a research health analyst, has been with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rti.org\/\">RTI <\/a>since 2001. She has over 10 years of experience with project management activities, including monitoring and overseeing studies, preparing budgets, and maintaining effective communication with investigators for health-related clinical studies at the National Institutes of Health. Currently, in collaboration with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the study investigators, she is a co-investigator and leads the data center activities on a multisite, Global Research Network, with studies being conducted in India, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Argentina, and Guatemala. Ms. McClure leads the data center activities for the trial of Emergency Maternal and Neonatal Care and the recently completed trial of newborn resuscitation. She also provides leadership of maternal and child health studies, collaborating effectively with investigators and research coordinators in the field, organizing related scientific conferences, presenting study results at scientific meetings, and reviewing and editing manuscripts. Ms. McClure has a B.A. in Psychology from the University of North Carolina, and a M.Ed. in Clinical Counseling from The Citadel. She is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.","user_avatar":"<img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/95fcf012e5ca3d0287a27bab3099a1d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/95fcf012e5ca3d0287a27bab3099a1d0?s=192&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' decoding='async'\/>"},{"ID":4730,"user_firstname":"Jeanie","user_lastname":"Kim","nickname":"kimchikimlau","user_nicename":"kimchikimlau","display_name":"Jeanie Kim","user_email":"jeaniek@gmail.com","user_url":"","user_registered":"2017-02-27 07:38:03","user_description":"pediatrician","user_avatar":"<img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/18d49bdbf8aabc267eb3484f1e9160e6?s=96&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/18d49bdbf8aabc267eb3484f1e9160e6?s=192&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' decoding='async'\/>"}],"additional_authors":"Elizabeth M McClure, Sarah Saleem, Shivaprasad S Goudar, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Sangappa M Dhaded, Kay Hwang, Gowdar Guruprasad, Dhananjaya Shobha, B Sarvamangala, Yogeshkumar, Manjunath S Somannavar, Sana Roujani, Sayyeda Reza, Jamal Raza, Haleema Yasmin, Anna Aceituno, Lindsay Parlberg, Carla M Bann, Robert M Silver, Robert L Goldenberg","type":"reports","language":["en"],"external_links":[{"link":""}],"files":[{"file":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/PIIS2214109X22001802.pdf"}],"partners":[],"other_organizations":"PURPOSe Study Group","issues":[{"ID":137,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:21:12","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:21:12","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>More than 5,000 stillbirths occur each day, nearly half of which happen during labor and birth.<\/h2>\n<p>Stillbirths have been overlooked as a global public health crisis, in spite of the fact that often highly-preventable solutions overlap with maternal and newborn health interventions. Social taboos and stigma remain a challenge and are culturally variant. The stillbirth rate is a sensitive indicator of quality of care in pregnancy and at birth.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1.9<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690996796159{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of stillbirths that occurred in 2021<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">20<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666119375673{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">projected stillbirths by 2030 <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/a-neglected-tragedy-stillbirth-estimates-report\/\">if no progress is made<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">45<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690997040986{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percent of stillbirths that <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/stillbirths\/\">occurred during labor in 2021<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>High number of preventable stillbirths<\/h4>\n<p>An estimated 1.9 million stillbirths occur annually, 89 percent of which occur in low- and lower-middle-income countries and 77 percent of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Over <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/stillbirths\/\">45% of all stillbirths occur during labor and birth<\/a>. The most common causes of stillbirth are similar to those that also kill mothers and newborns, such as maternal infections (notably syphilis and malaria), non-communicable diseases, and obstetric complications. Only 7 percent are due to congenital disorders, but some of these are also preventable*.<\/p>\n<h6>*All data on this page represents the most recent data available. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Heavy burden of psychosocial and economic cost on families and nations<\/h4>\n<p>The burden of stillbirth affects women, families, caregivers, communities, and society. Parents experience various psychological symptoms that often persist long after the death of their baby but could be mitigated by respectful maternity services, including bereavement care. An estimated 4\u00b72 million women are living with depression associated with a previous stillbirth. Stigma and taboo further exacerbate trauma for families, and fatalism impedes stillbirth prevention.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Most stillbirths are preventable with health system improvements<\/h4>\n<p>Stillbirths are preventable through high-quality antenatal and intrapartum care within the continuum of care for women and children. Such inputs result in a quadruple return on investment by preventing maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths, plus improving child development. The stillbirth rate is a sensitive marker of quality and equity of health care.<\/p>\n<p>Opportunities to integrate stillbirths within women's and children's health programs must be seized more systematically. Some initiatives, such as the multi-stakeholder <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/every-newborn-action-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Every Newborn Action Plan<\/a>, within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.everywomaneverychild.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Every Woman Every Child<\/a> umbrella, have included stillbirths. Data for tracking stillbirths has increased. However, mentions of stillbirth remain limited in most relevant policies, research, and funding; these are missed opportunities to integrate and act to ensure progress.<\/p>\n<p>More information can be accessed in either the UNIGME 2023 Report - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/never-forgotten-the-situation-of-stillbirth-around-the-globe\/\"><em>Never Forgotten - The situation of stillbirth around the globe<\/em> <\/a>or in <em>The Lancet\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/ending-preventable-stillbirths\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ending Preventable Stillbirths Series<\/a>, published January 2016. The Series presents the state of stillbirths, highlights missed opportunities, and identifies actions for accelerated progress to end preventable stillbirths[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<strong>Key resources<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/never-forgotten-the-situation-of-stillbirth-around-the-globe\/\">UNIGME 2023 Report - Never Forgotten - The situation of stillbirth around the globe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/a-neglected-tragedy-stillbirth-estimates-report\/\">UNIGME 2020 Report - A Neglected Tragedy: The global burden of stillbirths<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/ending-preventable-stillbirths\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lancet Series \u201cEnding Preventable Stillbirths\u201d 2016<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mamaye.org\/blog\/preventing-stillbirths-stronger-perinatal-death-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mamaye - Preventing Stillbirths with Stronger Perinatal Death Review<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Lancet Ending Preventable Stillbirth <a href=\"http:\/\/stillbirthalliance.org\/news\/lancet-series-launch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lay Summary<\/a> (in English, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Arabic, Hindi and Chinese)<\/li>\n<li>Ending Preventable Stillbirth <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZGvMWnO1O08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Lancet Ending Preventable Stillbirths <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(15)00954-X\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campaign<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FRObOlP3M94\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Video <\/a>of The Lancet Ending Preventable Stillbirths main launch event<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text] <\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZGvMWnO1O08?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Stillbirths","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"stillbirths","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 13:32:12","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 17:32:12","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=137","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[{"ID":251,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_date_gmt":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Asia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"asia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_modified_gmt":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=region&p=251","menu_order":0,"post_type":"region","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"countries":[{"ID":184,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 21:58:21","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 21:58:21","post_content":"[vc_row][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453305596740{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Leading causes of neonatal deaths in India (2020)\" el_class=\"transform:upperclass\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_round_chart type=\"doughnut\" stroke_width=\"1\" stroke_color=\"custom\" values=\"%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%221%25%20Diarrhoea%22%2C%22value%22%3A%221%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Tetanus%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23cec2ab%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%227%25%20Pneumonia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%227%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22peacoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2239%25%20Preterm%20birth%20complications%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2239%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2221%25%20Intrapartum%20related%20events%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2221%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22turquoise%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%225%25%20Sepsis%20and%20other%20infectious%20conditions%20of%20the%20newborn%22%2C%22value%22%3A%225%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%229%25%20Congenital%20abnormalities%5Ct%22%2C%22value%22%3A%229%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2218%25%20Other%20conditions%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2218%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22chino%22%7D%5D\" custom_stroke_color=\"#f6f6f4\" css=\".vc_custom_1686158564827{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Estimates for causes of death 2000-2020 generated by the WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) 2023 and downloaded from <a href=\"http:\/\/data.unicef.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/data.unicef.org&source=gmail&ust=1551964625737000&usg=AFQjCNFsFTtu9FzS8H64YC88NPOzQVbPwQ\">http:\/\/data.unicef.org<\/a><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" gap=\"5\" css=\".vc_custom_1453306441839{background-image: url(\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/country-stat-bkgr.jpg?id=389) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}\"][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453306493120{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"key indicators\" el_class=\"transform:uppercase text-white\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158668744{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">19.1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158653873{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Annual reduction in newborn mortality rate 2000-2021 (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158622111{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">62<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Proportion of under-5 child deaths that are newborn (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158639136{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">12.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stillbirth rate (deaths per 1,000 births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158578078{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">89.4\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Skilled birth attendance (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651070613999{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">57<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1698696298715{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">13<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preterm birth rate (births <37 weeks per 100 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686158608753{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">103<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1453307990481{margin-top: 20px !important;}\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Visit our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">page to explore the most recent data further<\/span><\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"India","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"india","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-10-30 16:03:36","post_modified_gmt":"2023-10-30 20:03:36","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=country&p=184","menu_order":0,"post_type":"country","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":212,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 22:02:38","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 22:02:38","post_content":"[vc_row][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453305596740{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Leading causes of neonatal deaths in Pakistan (2020)\" el_class=\"transform:upperclass\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_round_chart type=\"doughnut\" stroke_width=\"1\" stroke_color=\"custom\" values=\"%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%222%25%20Diarrhoea%22%2C%22value%22%3A%222%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Tetanus%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23f4524d%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%226%25%20Pneumonia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%226%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22peacoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2234%25%20Preterm%20birth%20complications%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2234%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2232%25%20Intrapartum%20related%20events%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2232%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22turquoise%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%227%25%20Sepsis%20and%20other%20infectious%20conditions%20of%20the%20newborn%22%2C%22value%22%3A%227%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%229%25%20Congenital%20abnormalities%5Ct%22%2C%22value%22%3A%229%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%229%25%20Other%20conditions%22%2C%22value%22%3A%229%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22chino%22%7D%5D\" custom_stroke_color=\"#f6f6f4\" css=\".vc_custom_1686244596181{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Estimates for causes of death 2000-2020 generated by the WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) 2023 and downloaded from <a href=\"http:\/\/data.unicef.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/data.unicef.org&source=gmail&ust=1551964625737000&usg=AFQjCNFsFTtu9FzS8H64YC88NPOzQVbPwQ\">http:\/\/data.unicef.org<\/a><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" gap=\"5\" css=\".vc_custom_1453306441839{background-image: url(\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/country-stat-bkgr.jpg?id=389) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}\"][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453306493120{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"key indicators\" el_class=\"transform:uppercase text-white\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686244490303{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">39.4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686244501321{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1.8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Annual reduction in newborn mortality rate 2000-2021 (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651154297803{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">63<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Proportion of under-5 child deaths that are newborn (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686244527181{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">30.9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stillbirth rate (deaths per 1,000 births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686244569053{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">68<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Skilled birth attendance (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1578917092437{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">20<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1698696880640{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">14.4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preterm birth rate (births <37 weeks per 100 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1686244549366{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">154<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456672771011{margin-top: 20px !important;}\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Visit our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn numbers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">page to explore the most recent data further<\/span><\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Pakistan","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"pakistan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-10-30 16:13:17","post_modified_gmt":"2023-10-30 20:13:17","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=country&p=212","menu_order":0,"post_type":"country","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"views":"403"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/54659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/54659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=54659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}