{"id":59355,"date":"2023-03-21T10:55:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T14:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&p=59355"},"modified":"2023-03-21T10:55:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T14:55:46","slug":"diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers"},"content":{"rendered":"

This Desk Guide focuses on the Asia region. The Africa region guide is available here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

This desk Guide provides management Guidelines that are consistent with the World Health Organization\u2019s Consolidated Guidelines for child and adolescent tuberculosis published in 2022 and The Union\u2019s Management of Tuberculosis: A Guide to Essential Practice published in 2019. This desk Guide is a decision-aid intended for use by primary health care workers and does not cover all possible situations and\/or solutions related to the management of childhood TB.<\/p>\n

The clinical judgment of the health worker remains the basis for final decision-making, and this aid is not a substitute for clinical expertise and individual assessment. It aims to provide guidance for the more common and straightforward cases presenting for care in resource-limited settings.<\/p>\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries.<\/p>\n

Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.<\/p>\n

Many TB cases in children and adolescents are not detected, especially in young children (<5 years), who account for most deaths in children due to TB.<\/p>\n

Based on careful clinical assessment, the diagnosis of TB can be made in most children and adolescents in an outpatient setting.<\/p>\n

Contact history is an important part of the assessment for diagnosis and prevention.<\/p>\n

Every child and adolescent with presumptive or confirmed TB should be tested for HIV infection.<\/p>\n

Children and adolescents with TB respond well to treatment.<\/p>\n

All children with TB should be routinely registered with and reported to the national tuberculosis programme (NTP) of the country in question.<\/p>\n

The desk Guide is primarily intended for:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Health workers who manage sick children and adolescents in primary-level health facilities or outpatient settings at any level of care, especially in high TB burden settings; and<\/li>\n
  2. NTP staff who manage children and adolescents as part of NTP work.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The desk Guide aims to improve:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Early and accurate case detection and diagnosis;<\/li>\n
    2. Timeliness of management and treatment outcomes; and<\/li>\n
    3. Appropriate child contact screening and management.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      The desk Guide will focus on:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. How to diagnose common forms of TB in children and adolescents;<\/li>\n
      2. To treat children and adolescents with TB;<\/li>\n
      3. When to refer children with TB; and<\/li>\n
      4. How to manage close contacts of people with TB.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        This Desk Guide focuses on the Asia region. The Africa region guide is available here.\u00a0 This desk Guide provides management Guidelines that are consistent with the World Health Organization\u2019s Consolidated Guidelines for child and adolescent tuberculosis published in 2022 and The Union\u2019s Management of Tuberculosis: A Guide to Essential Practice published in 2019. This desk … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":59356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries. Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries. Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"685\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"950\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/\",\"name\":\"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers - Healthy Newborn Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-21T14:55:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-21T14:55:46+00:00\",\"description\":\"Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries. Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png\",\"width\":685,\"height\":950},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/\",\"name\":\"Healthy Newborn Network\",\"description\":\"Addressing critical knowledge gaps in newborn health.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Healthy Newborn Network","description":"Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries. Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers - Healthy Newborn Network","og_description":"Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries. Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/","og_site_name":"Healthy Newborn Network","og_image":[{"width":685,"height":950,"url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/","name":"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers - Healthy Newborn Network","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png","datePublished":"2023-03-21T14:55:46+00:00","dateModified":"2023-03-21T14:55:46+00:00","description":"Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of illness and death in children and adolescents, especially in high TB incidence countries. Around one and a half million children and adolescents become ill with TB every year, and nearly 250,000 children die from this curable and preventable disease.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png","width":685,"height":950},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/diagnosis-and-management-of-tuberculosis-children-adolescents-asia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents: a Desk Guide for Primary Health Care Workers"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/","name":"Healthy Newborn Network","description":"Addressing critical knowledge gaps in newborn health.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"featured_image":"<img width=\"685\" height=\"950\" src=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide.png 685w, https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/TB-deskguide-216x300.png 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 685px) 100vw, 685px\" \/>","author_name":"HNN Team","author_image":"<img src=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/themes\/hnn\/dist\/images\/member-default.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"avatar avatar-32 photo\" height=\"32\" width=\"32\"\/>","acf_custom_fields":{"publication_date":"20230101","ft_img_caption":"","authors":false,"additional_authors":"Stephen M. Graham and Jacquie N. Oliwa","type":"tools_guidelines","language":["en"],"external_links":[{"link":""}],"files":[{"file":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Child-TB-Desk-Guide-2023_Asia_0.pdf"}],"partners":[],"other_organizations":"The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issues":[{"ID":120,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:18:23","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:18:23","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Information on the number, timing, and causes of stillbirth and neonatal death, as well as the care received by each mother and baby, is crucial for planning and delivering high-quality health services.<\/h2>\r\nWhile data availability and quality have improved in recent years, there are still big gaps in indicators for newborn care. The Every Newborn Action Plan Measurement Improvement Roadmap details the challenges in measurement and provides a multi-year, multi-partner pathway to improving metrics, including testing and standardizing indicator definitions and developing new tools.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">71\r\n<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1513274052338{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of newborn deaths that are preventable with access to quality health care\r\n<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1<\/span>\/<span class=\"ticker\">3<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1517246179677{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">babies do not have a birth certificate by their first\u00a0birthday<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">10<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456360643415{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of priority Every Newborn indicators identified<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> for more newborn health specific epidemiology including rates, trends, and causes of death.\r\n\r\nEpidemiology is the \u201cstudy of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems.\u201d Epidemiology examines how health conditions are distributed among a population and seeks to understand the risks or causes associated with those conditions.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]The numbers of stillbirths and neonatal deaths, and the causes, are generated through modeled estimates using information from national civil registration databases, household surveys, surveillance systems, and special studies. High-quality, universal birth and death registration are required to provide nationally representative, timely data, and to signify a shift in social norms to value counting every newborn baby and stillbirth. Increasing global momentum to improve the data is important, and highlights the human face of those who are counted the least\u2014newborn babies and stillbirths.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"Key resources\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Every-Newborn-Metrics-Cards_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Every Newborn Metrics Report Cards<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/supplements\/volume-15-supplement-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Count every newborn, a measurement improvement roadmap for coverage data<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/series\/everynewborn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lancet Every Newborn Series (2014)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/every-newborn-action-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Every Newborn Action Plan<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/184225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The WHO Technical consultation on newborn health indicators<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/153544\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthdatacollaborative.org\/fileadmin\/uploads\/hdc\/Documents\/the-roadmap-for-health-measurement-and-accountability.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Roadmap for Health Measurement and Accountability<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing\/epidemiology-monitoring-and-evaluation\/maternal-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing (Maternal and newborn health monitoring)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Epidemiology","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"data-epidemiology","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-10-19 17:59:04","post_modified_gmt":"2022-10-19 21:59:04","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=120","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":126,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:19:14","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:19:14","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Severe newborn infections\u2014including sepsis, meningitis, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/pneumonia\/\">pneumonia<\/a>\u2014are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns in low- and middle-income countries.<\/h2>\r\nRecent analyses estimate that globally, approximately 400,000 newborns die each year as a result of severe infections, over one-sixth of the total burden of newborn deaths. Most of these deaths could be averted through:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>preventive measures, such as improving hygiene practices, and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>timely and appropriate care for sick newborns.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">17<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456252549558{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of neonatal deaths caused by severe bacterial infections<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">400<\/span>k<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456252596727{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of newborns who die each year as a result of severe infections<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><span class=\"ticker\">8<\/span><\/b><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1653422219529{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percentage of neonatal deaths caused by pneumonia<\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453407008439{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #f6f6f6 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Prevention\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Preventive measures during the antenatal and intrapartum periods can reduce the risk of congenital and newborn infections while protecting the health of the mother. Before and during pregnancy, women can be screened and treated for syphilis and vaccinated against diseases like tetanus. In addition to preventing subsequent infection in the newborn, treating maternal infections during pregnancy \u2013 such as antibiotics for prolonged, preterm rupture of membranes or chorioamnionitis -- can also greatly reduce the risk for preterm birth, a leading cause of newborn mortality as well as prevent serious newborn infection.\r\n\r\nClean birth practices reduce the rate of newborn infections at home and implementation of consistent, high-quality infection control practices reduces newborn infections in facility settings. Hygienic umbilical cord care, including using a sterile instrument to cut the cord and, when appropriate and per national guidelines, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/chlorhexidine-for-umbilical-cord-care\/\">applying chlorhexidine to the newborn cord stump<\/a>, can also reduce infection and preventable death. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/breastfeeding-and-feeding-of-small-and-sick-newborns\/\">Early and exclusive breastfeeding<\/a> also reduces the likelihood of newborn infections in several ways, including providing critical support to boost immune system development and avoiding the introduction of potentially harmful substances to the immature gut.\r\n\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453407008439{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #f6f6f6 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Management\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]WHO recommends that newborns and young infants should be hospitalized when they have signs of possible <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/treatment-of-possible-severe-bacterial-infection\/\">serious bacterial infection, and treated<\/a> with 7 days of a combination of injectable antibiotics \u2013 gentaminin and ampicillin (or penicillin). In many or most low and middle-income countries (LMICs), such hospital-based treatment is not routinely feasible for many families for a number of cultural, geographic, and financial barriers. In these circumstances, recent evidence has led WHO to recommend outpatient antibiotics to such newborns and young infants to successfully treat the illness. The recommended antibiotic course is a combination of injectable and oral antibiotics: 2 days of once-daily gentamicin combined with 7 days of twice-daily oral amoxicillin. A follow up visit at 4 days of treatment is recommended to ensure adherence to the antibiotics and to ensure improvement in the newborn\u2019s condition. When referral from outpatient facility to hospital is accepted by families, the health center provider should ensure that the newborn or young infant is first given a dose of gentamicin and amoxicillin since even short delays in initiation of treatment can mean the difference between life and death.\r\n\r\nSaving newborn lives from life-threatening infections is now indeed feasible, acceptable, and effective in reducing preventable newborn and young infant deaths, and should be a top public health priority.\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Resources:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25274969\/\">Respiratory Distress in the Newborn <\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/SafeOxygen_english_7.6.17.pdf\">Safe and effective oxygen use for inpatient care of newborns<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/InfectionPrevention_english_7.6.17.pdf\">Safe and effective infection prevention for inpatient newborn care<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/DNH_TechBrief_MgmtNewbornInfection_7.15.19.pdf\">Management of newborn infections during inpatient care<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2013207\">Neonatal severe bacterial infection impairment estimates in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America for 2010<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Severe infections","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"severe-infections","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-10-18 14:43:52","post_modified_gmt":"2022-10-18 18:43:52","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=126","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[{"ID":251,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_date_gmt":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Asia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"asia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_modified_gmt":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=region&p=251","menu_order":0,"post_type":"region","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"countries":[],"views":"261"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/59355"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/59355\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=59355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}