{"id":61774,"date":"2023-11-28T00:36:59","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T05:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&p=61774"},"modified":"2023-11-28T00:36:59","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T05:36:59","slug":"proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/","title":{"rendered":"Proximate and distant determinants of maternal and neonatal mortality in the postnatal period: A scoping review of data from low- and middle-income countries"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abstract: <\/strong>Global maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period. This scoping review identified proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A rigorous, systematic search of four electronic databases was undertaken to identify studies published within the last 11 years containing data on risk factors among nationally representative samples. Results were synthesized narratively. Seventy-nine studies were included. Five papers examined maternal mortality, one focused on maternal and neonatal mortality, and the rest focused on neonatal mortality. Regarding proximate factors, maternal age, parity, birth interval, birth order\/rank, neonate sex, birth weight, multiple-gestation, previous history of child death, and lack of or inadequate antenatal care visits were associated with increased neonatal mortality risk. Distant factors for neonatal mortality included low levels of parental education, parental employment, rural residence, low household income, solid fuel use, and lack of clean water. This review identified risk factors that could be applied to identify mother-baby dyads with increased mortality risk for targeted PNC. Given risks inherent in pregnancy and childbirth, adverse outcomes can occur among dyads without obvious risk factors; providing timely PNC to all is critical. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of risk factors could improve maternal and newborn outcomes. Few studies exploring maternal mortality risk factors were available; investments in population-based studies to identify factors associated with maternal mortality are needed. Harmonizing categorization of factors (e.g., age, education) is a gap for future research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abstract: Global maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":61776,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Global maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period. This scoping review identified proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Proximate and distant determinants of maternal and neonatal mortality in the postnatal period: A scoping review of data from low- and middle-income countries - Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Global maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period. This scoping review identified proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Healthy Newborn Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Connect-article.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"654\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"832\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/\",\"name\":\"Proximate and distant determinants of maternal and neonatal mortality in the postnatal period: A scoping review of data from low- and middle-income countries - Healthy Newborn Network\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/proximate-and-distant-determinants-of-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-the-postnatal-period\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/Connect-article.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-28T05:36:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-28T05:36:59+00:00\",\"description\":\"Global maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period. 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The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period. 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The postnatal period, encompassing the first hour of life until 42 days, is critical for mother-baby dyads, yet postnatal care (PNC) coverage is low. Identifying mother-baby dyads at increased risk for adverse outcomes is critical. Yet few efforts have synthesized research on proximate and distant factors associated with maternal and neonatal mortality during the postnatal period. 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Our vision is a world in which every child attains the right to survival, protection, development and participation. Our mission is to inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children and to achieve immediate and lasting change in their lives.\r\n<h2>What we do<\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-795\" src=\"\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/2.-Parth-Sanyal.jpg\" alt=\"2. Parth Sanyal\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPhoto: Parth Sanyal\/ Save the Children\r\n\r\n<strong>Saving Newborn Lives (SNL) Program:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSave the Children's Saving Newborn Lives (SNL) program, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, is a globally recognized leader in newborn health and a respected voice in many low-resource countries. Since 2000, Save the Children\u2019s SNL program has worked as a catalyst towards ensuring that newborn health and survival is on global and national agendas. SNL seeks to achieve equitable and effective coverage of high-impact newborn services and practices institutionalized at scale.\r\n\r\nSNL currently works in partnership with 7 countries to reduce newborn mortality, improve newborn health and bring high-impact interventions to scale. In 4 countries \u2013 Bangladesh, Malawi, Nepal, and Uganda - the program works through partnerships with government and stakeholders to achieve and document the scale-up of newborn health interventions. These countries have achieved substantial policy and system readiness for scale-up and are positioned for accelerated change in service delivery and health outcomes. In 3 additional countries \u2013 Ethiopia, India, and Nigeria \u2013 SNL coordinates with government and partners to develop policies, program experience, and evidence in order to promote the effective and sustainable scale-up of key interventions. SNL collaborates closely with governments and implementing partners, and provides direct support to the design, development and implementation of national strategies and policies to improve the quality and availability of care for mothers and newborns. For more information on Save the Children\u2019s Newborn Health program, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.savethechildren.org\/site\/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E\/b.6234293\/k.7FC1\/Newborn_Health.htm\">visit our website<\/a>.\r\n\r\nSNL currently maintains the Healthy Newborn Network and strives to establish the site as the \u201cgo-to\u201d resource for newborn health information, data and resources.\r\n\r\nSave the Children also offers technical assistance and support as the newborn health leading partner under USAID\u2019s Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP). MCSP is a global, USAID Cooperative Agreement to introduce and support high-impact health interventions with a focus on 24 high-priority countries with the ultimate goal of ending preventable maternal and child deaths within a generation. The Program is focused on ensuring that all women, newborns and children most in need have equitable access to quality health care services to save lives.\r\n\r\n<strong>Save the Children Campaigns:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAs an independent and global organization, Save the Children has a powerful voice in campaigning for long-term change, and a track record of success. Save the Children encourages its supporters to put pressure on decision makers and opinion formers to change policies and practices, locally and globally, to ensure children's rights become reality.\r\n\r\n<strong><img class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-796\" src=\"\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/EveryOne-Thumb.jpg\" alt=\"EveryOne - Thumb\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/>The EveryOne Campaign<\/strong>: Save the Children has launched a global campaign to ensure governments provide basic health and nutrition services to millions of children who might not otherwise live to see their fifth birthday. EVERY ONE is Save the Children\u2019s global campaign to ensure no child under the age of five dies from preventable causes, and that public attitudes do not tolerate a return to high levels of child deaths. By 2015, the campaign aims to have catalyzed a breakthrough in governments' policies and practices that dramatically accelerates sustainable progress towards MDG 4. Follow the <a href=\"http:\/\/everyone.savethechildren.net\/news\">Every One campaign via their blog. <\/a>\r\n\r\n<strong><img class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-797\" src=\"\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/EveryBeatMatters-Thumb.jpg\" alt=\"EveryBeatMatters - Thumb\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" \/>Every Beat Matters<\/strong>: Through this campaign, Save the Children aims to raise awareness among the American public of the key issues related to child survival, engage and foster champions who are willing to raise their voices for children in need around the world, and create a movement which demands that we increase access to lifesaving care so that no parent suffers the unnecessary loss of a child. Every child deserves the chance to grow up healthy, happy and able to reach their potential. Take a look at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.everybeatmatters.org\/\">Save the Children\u2019s Action Network <\/a>for more information.","post_title":"Save the Children","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"save-the-children","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-12-12 10:03:13","post_modified_gmt":"2016-12-12 15:03:13","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=partner&p=793","menu_order":0,"post_type":"partner","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"other_organizations":"","issues":[{"ID":114,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 00:24:21","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 00:24:21","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>The majority of maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths occur around the time of birth. However, there are many opportunities during pregnancy to reduce these risks.<\/h2>\n<p>While traditional antenatal care (ANC) is understood mainly to focus on obstetrical issues, contacts with pregnant women also provide important opportunities to deliver other preventive clinical interventions as well as counseling and health education on birth preparedness, danger signs and appropriate response, key practices at household level during and after pregnancy, and family planning.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">88<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690993922335{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent of women age 15-49 who received at lease one ANC visit during pregnancy globally (2016-2021)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">65<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690993939923{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent of women age 15-49 who received four or more ANC visits during pregnancy globally (2016-2021)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Opportunities for ANC\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The prioritization of specific ANC interventions should vary by setting. For example, in areas of high malaria risk, intermittent presumptive treatment and use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets are very important. How we reach pregnant women with services and messages must also vary by setting. There are certainly advantages to having fully-qualified health professionals like nurses or nurse-midwives provide services; however many aspects of the needed services could be provided by cadres of health auxiliaries with less training. In some settings, greater reach is achieved by providing services on an outreach basis. Over the past 15 years, the standard model for ANC has been \u201cfocused ANC,\u201d a four-visit schedule. In 2016 the World Health Organization reviewed this model and issued new recommendations.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"Key Resources\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/news-item\/updated-who-recommendations-for-malaria-chemoprevention-among-children-and-pregnant-women-who\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Updated WHO recommendations for malaria chemoprevention among children and pregnant women<\/a> (2022)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/ending-preventable-maternal-mortality-epmm-a-renewed-focus-for-improving-maternal-and-newborn-health-and-wellbeing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM): A Renewed Focus for Improving Maternal and Newborn Health and Wellbeing<\/a> (2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/recommendations-antenatal-care-positive-pregnancy-experience\/\">WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience<\/a> (2016) + Executive Summary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Antenatal care","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"antenatal-care","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 12:32:20","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 16:32:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=114","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":19551,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2019-12-16 14:55:12","post_date_gmt":"2019-12-16 19:55:12","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>The transition to becoming a parent for the first time is a time of rapid changes (sexual debut, first pregnancy, marriage, first birth, learning to care for a newborn), often within the space of a year. Globally, about 12 million adolescent girls (ages 15-19) and many more young women (ages 20-24) become parents every year. Data on childbirths to very young adolescent (ages 10-14) is becoming more available, with a global rate of 1.5 per 1,000 women in 2022.<\/h2>\n<p>These first-time parents (FTPs), girls and women between the ages of 15 and 24 who have one child and\/or who are pregnant, and their male partners\u2013often navigate these life milestones with varied support from their family, community, and the health system, with adverse health outcomes.<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">42.5<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"3\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690995172014{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">births per 1,000 adolescent girls age 15-19 (2016-2021)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">34<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"3\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666043445113{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent higher risk of death in the neonatal period among babies born to adolescent mothers<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_text_separator title=\"What can be done?\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]Due to social and biological vulnerabilities, pregnancy in adolescence is associated with poor health outcomes for mothers and newborns. First-time parents use of health services during and following pregnancy is often low, due to limited decision-making power, stigma, lack of resources, and judgmental attitudes from health workers. Rapid repeat pregnancies, defined as less than 24 months after the previous birth, increase risk of preterm birth, low birthweight, small size for gestational age, and infant and early childhood mortality\u2014and, in many contexts, are more common among adolescent mothers.<\/p>\n<p>Early pregnancy is also associated with adverse education and economic outcomes for mothers. A focus on increasing FTPs\u2019 timely and continued use of health services across the continuum of care\u2014antenatal care, maternity, postnatal, newborn, and postpartum family planning\u2014is essential to improving health and other outcomes for mothers and babies.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]Comprehensive approaches targeting FTPs have yielded promising results, increasing use of family planning and other health services, improving social support for FTPs, and encouraging more gender-equitable household practices. Projects and research with FTPs have shown several common essential elements.<\/p>\n<p>Reflecting the diverse needs and varied influences of FTPs, activities at the individual, couple, household, community, and health system levels are needed. Engagement of household influencers and key decision-makers, especially mothers-in-law, is critical, as is addressing social norms that encourage early and closely-spaced pregnancy and limit girls\u2019 decision-making power. Efforts to strengthen service quality and the health system\u2019s responsiveness to the needs of FTPs are key.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452735746534{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Useful resources<\/h4>\n<p>Increasingly, evidence highlights the importance of framing efforts around FTPs\u2019 aspirations for their and their child\u2019s future\u2013as well as addressing the needs and aspirations of their male partners. Last, research and program learning highlights that approaches must be tailored to the needs of diverse FTPs, particularly the distinction between those who are married versus parenting alone. Applying these key elements to approaches that reach FTPs at scale is an area for future learning.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/resourcecentre.savethechildren.net\/library\/connect-increasing-use-pospartum-family-planning-first-time-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connect factsheet<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/reaching-the-youngest-moms-and-dads-a-socio-ecological-view-of-actors-and-factors-influencing-first-time-young-parents-use-of-sexual-and-reproductive-health-services-in-madagascar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reaching the youngest moms and dads<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/beyond-the-abcs-of-ftps-a-deep-diver-into-emerging-considerations-for-first-time-parent-programs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A deep dive into emerging considerations for FTP programs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/because-my-husband-and-i-have-never-had-a-baby-before-results-and-lessons-from-interventions-with-first-time-parents-in-madagascar-mozambique-and-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Results and Lessons from FTP Interventions in Madagascar, Mozambique, and Nigeria<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecompassforsbc.org\/sbcc-tools\/evidence-action-e2a-projects-first-time-parent-framework\">First-time Parent Framework<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcsprogram.org\/resource\/factors-impacting-use-health-services-first-time-young-parents-formative-research-toolkit\/?_sfm_resource_sub_topic=adolescents\">FTP Formative Research Toolkit<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<img class=\"size-full wp-image-40870\" src=\"\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/CH188126.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"798\" height=\"1200\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"First-time parents","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"first_time_parents","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 12:56:06","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 16:56:06","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=19551","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":134,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:20:44","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:20:44","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>The first hours and days after birth are the riskiest for both mothers and newborns.<\/h2>\r\nThere are important interventions and practices during this period that can reduce these risks. There are also\u00a0opportunities at multiple points in time to help ensure high coverage for these interventions and practices. For example, contacts during pregnancy can be used for counseling and health education on newborn care and care-seeking for danger signs in the postnatal period. This support may be especially important in settings where births still take place at home.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">75<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456333677270{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of newborn deaths that occur in the first week of life<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">48<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456333713404{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of hours after birth when a newborn is at highest risk of death<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More information\"][vc_column_text]Postnatal care can also include assessment and counseling provided to the mother before discharge after giving birth in a health facility, as well as later contacts during home visits by community health workers or postnatal visits to a health facility. Broadly, the major elements of postnatal care include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>counseling and health education on recognition of danger signs and appropriate care-seeking (for both mother and newborn)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>counseling and health education on routine care practices such as exclusive breastfeeding and good thermal care practices<\/li>\r\n \t<li>dispensing and related counseling for routine preventive interventions (such as chlorhexidine for cord-stump care and postnatal iron supplementation)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>assessment and case-management and referral for any identified complications or risk conditions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIt is through the same contacts that we have opportunities to improve outcomes for both mother and newborn, so programs and services\u00a0should focus on needed care for both. This more integrated perspective is reflected in the most recent guidance from\u00a0the World Health Organization\u00a0(see Resources below).\r\n\r\nHome visitation by community health workers has been promoted as a postnatal care strategy based on promising pilots in South Asia that demonstrated potential for reducing newborn deaths. However, it has proven difficult to achieve comparable benefits under more routine conditions at scale.\r\n\r\nWith the marked increases in institutional deliveries seen in many settings in recent years, there is increasing attention being given to taking better advantage of the time before discharge to ensure delivery of key aspects of postnatal care. Challenges to taking optimal advantage of this contact include the very high volume of births in some centers and the common practice of early discharge.\r\n\r\nFollow-up visits to the health facility for postnatal care can provide an important opportunity to ensure assessment, care, and provision of important counseling. Suitable timing and content of such care will depend on the overall configuration of postnatal care services specific to the setting.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"Key Resources\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/who-recommendations-on-maternal-and-newborn-care-for-a-positive-postnatal-experience\/\">WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience (2022)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Postnatal care","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"postnatal-care","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-10-17 18:49:11","post_modified_gmt":"2022-10-17 22:49:11","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=134","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[],"countries":[],"views":"80","why_feature":"","submitter_email":"","writein_authors_repeater":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/61774"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/61774\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=61774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}