{"id":62134,"date":"2024-02-20T17:33:06","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T22:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&p=62134"},"modified":"2024-02-20T17:33:06","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T22:33:06","slug":"exploring-the-impact-of-preconception-care-and-unintended-pregnancy-on-access-to-antenatal-healthcare-services-among-rohingya-women-insights-from-a-cross-sectional-survey","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/exploring-the-impact-of-preconception-care-and-unintended-pregnancy-on-access-to-antenatal-healthcare-services-among-rohingya-women-insights-from-a-cross-sectional-survey\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the impact of preconception care and unintended pregnancy on access to antenatal healthcare services among Rohingya women: Insights from a cross-sectional survey"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Background<\/h2>\n

The low utilization of antenatal healthcare services among Rohingya refugee women contributes to high maternal and child mortality rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antenatal healthcare services utilization and the impacts of preconception care and pregnancy intention on accessing these services among Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Methods<\/h2>\n

We analyzed data from 708 women collected through a multistage cross-sectional survey conducted in April 2023. The outcome variable was the uptake of at least one antenatal healthcare services, while the exposure variables were preconception care uptake and unintended pregnancy. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to determine the effects of preconception care and unintended pregnancy on antenatal care utilization, adjusting for potential covariates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Results<\/h2>\n

Approximately 47\u00a0% of women reported not accessing any antenatal healthcare services during their most recent pregnancy. Moreover, around 68\u00a0% of women did not receive any preconception care, and nearly one-third of pregnancies were unintended at conception. We observed lower likelihoods of antenatal care utilization among women without preconception care or with unintended pregnancy. The negative effects were even more pronounced when women reported no use of preconception care along with experiencing mistimed (aOR, 0.61, 95\u00a0% CI: 0.45\u20130.77) and unwanted (aOR, 0.43, 95\u00a0% CI: 0.34\u20130.52) pregnancy for their most recent pregnancy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

Maternal healthcare service utilization is alarmingly low among Rohingya refugees, with a significant lack of preconception care and a high prevalence of unintended pregnancies. This underscores the critical importance of implementing awareness-building programs to increase uptake of antenatal healthcare services.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Background The low utilization of antenatal healthcare services among Rohingya refugee women contributes to high maternal and child mortality rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antenatal healthcare services utilization and the impacts of preconception care and pregnancy intention on accessing these services among Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh. Methods … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":62136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antenatal healthcare services utilization and the impacts of preconception care and pregnancy intention on accessing these services among Rohingya refugee women in Bangladesh.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/exploring-the-impact-of-preconception-care-and-unintended-pregnancy-on-access-to-antenatal-healthcare-services-among-rohingya-women-insights-from-a-cross-sectional-survey\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exploring the impact of preconception care and unintended pregnancy on access to antenatal healthcare services among Rohingya women: Insights from a cross-sectional survey - 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However, there are many opportunities during pregnancy to reduce these risks.<\/h2>\n<p>While traditional antenatal care (ANC) is understood mainly to focus on obstetrical issues, contacts with pregnant women also provide important opportunities to deliver other preventive clinical interventions as well as counseling and health education on birth preparedness, danger signs and appropriate response, key practices at household level during and after pregnancy, and family planning.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">88<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690993922335{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent of women age 15-49 who received at lease one ANC visit during pregnancy globally (2016-2021)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">65<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1690993939923{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percent of women age 15-49 who received four or more ANC visits during pregnancy globally (2016-2021)<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Opportunities for ANC\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The prioritization of specific ANC interventions should vary by setting. For example, in areas of high malaria risk, intermittent presumptive treatment and use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets are very important. How we reach pregnant women with services and messages must also vary by setting. There are certainly advantages to having fully-qualified health professionals like nurses or nurse-midwives provide services; however many aspects of the needed services could be provided by cadres of health auxiliaries with less training. In some settings, greater reach is achieved by providing services on an outreach basis. Over the past 15 years, the standard model for ANC has been \u201cfocused ANC,\u201d a four-visit schedule. In 2016 the World Health Organization reviewed this model and issued new recommendations.[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"Key Resources\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/news-item\/updated-who-recommendations-for-malaria-chemoprevention-among-children-and-pregnant-women-who\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Updated WHO recommendations for malaria chemoprevention among children and pregnant women<\/a> (2022)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/ending-preventable-maternal-mortality-epmm-a-renewed-focus-for-improving-maternal-and-newborn-health-and-wellbeing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM): A Renewed Focus for Improving Maternal and Newborn Health and Wellbeing<\/a> (2021)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/recommendations-antenatal-care-positive-pregnancy-experience\/\">WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience<\/a> (2016) + Executive Summary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Antenatal care","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"antenatal-care","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 12:32:20","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 16:32:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=114","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":133,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:20:35","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:20:35","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Many countries experiencing humanitarian crises, including civil conflict, recurring natural disasters, or both, also have severe newborn and maternal mortality. For countries already burdened with poor maternal and newborn health outcomes, emergencies exacerbate existing challenges.<\/h2>\n<p>Population movements, insecurity, increased burden on health systems, poor or damaged infrastructure and limited availability of qualified health workers can restrict access to quality care. Recent analyses have indicated that roughly 60% of maternal deaths and 45% of newborn deaths occur in countries affected by a humanitarian\u00a0 crisis or fragile conditions. The highest rates of stillbirth occur in conflict and emergency settings. Further studies and efforts to improve measurements are encouraged in order to better track progress and increase accountability.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">29<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1655835486516{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">babies were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/13-01-2021-early-childhood-development-in-conflict-affected-countries-is-key-to-life-long-health-wellbeing-and-prosperity-says-who-and-partners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">born into conflict-affected areas<\/a> in 2018<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">500<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1655835996933{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/UNFPA_HumanitAction_2019_PDF_Online_Version_16_Jan_2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">number of women and girls who die <\/a>from complications due to pregnancy and childbirth every day in countries facing humanitarian and fragile contexts<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">40<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1655836784867{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">percentage of refugees<\/a> who are children<br \/>\nunder the age of 18<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-green\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">45<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1576100716179{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/Humanitarian_2017_Overview-Final_updated-11_Jan_2017_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">percentage of newborn deaths<\/a> occurring in countries affected by humanitarian crises and fragility<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings Field Guide<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-humanitarian-settings-field-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English\u00a0<\/a>|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings-field-guide-french\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings-field-guide-spanish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Espa\u00f1ol\u00a0<\/a>| <a href=\"https:\/\/newbornfieldguide.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Web portal (2022)<\/a>*<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>*The web portal brings together essential guidance and tools that healthcare providers will find useful in designing, managing, monitoring, and evaluating newborn health services within humanitarian settings.<\/em><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/arabic-newborn-health-humanitarian-settings-field-guide\/\">\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649<\/a><b><\/b><i><\/i><u><\/u><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Manual: Newborn Care Supply Kits for Humanitarian Settings<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/manual-newborn-care-supply-kits-for-humanitarian-settings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">English<\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Global Commitments<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-declaration-to-accelerate-newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings\/\">A Declaration to Accelerate Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings (2019)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newbornroadmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roadmap to Accelerate Progress for Every Newborn in Humanitarian Settings 2020-2024<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/surviving-day-one-caring-for-mothers-and-newborns-in-humanitarian-emergencies-on-the-day-of-childbirth\/\">\u00a0Surviving Day One: Caring for Mothers and Newborns in Humanitarian Emergencies on the Day of Childbirth<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"More on Newborn Health in Emergencies\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Calibri;\">It is no coincidence that countries affected by humanitarian crises and conflict are the riskiest for mothers and babies. Access to essential services before, during, and after pregnancy in these settings is severely restricted. As the number of people affected by conflict, natural disasters, and other emergencies increases, the gap between needs and resources is growing. There is a growing demand from responders and governments to provide for the most vulnerable groups. When a baby is born in an emergency setting, the number of risks that are encountered in the first days of life may seem insurmountable \u2014 but even in these precarious situations, many of the deaths that occur around the time of birth are preventable. We can do something to help.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Calibri;\">The global health cluster that is led by the World Health Organization has agreed on and recently revised the <a href=\"https:\/\/iawg.net\/resources\/misp-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Minimum Initial Service Package<\/a> for reproductive health in crisis situations. The <a href=\"https:\/\/iawgfieldmanual.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inter-Agency Field Manual and MISP reference sheet<\/a> are also available. Recognizing the gap for newborns, an inter-agency group of stakeholders and UN agencies developed additional evidence and guidelines, and coordinate advocacy for newborn health in humanitarian emergencies. They aim to galvanize efforts to ensure that life-saving care is available even in the most difficult of circumstances.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_text_separator title=\"Additional Resources\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/toolkit\/\">Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings: Implementation Toolkit <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-resources-trainings-and-tools-for-improving-newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newborn Health Resources: Trainings and Tools for Improving Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1752-1505-8-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Neonatal survival in complex humanitarian emergencies: setting an evidence-based research agenda<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3488319\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Neonatal survival interventions in humanitarian emergencies: a survey of current practices and programs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Newborn Health in Emergencies","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"emergencies","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 15:18:08","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 19:18:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=133","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":136,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:21:03","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:21:03","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Integrating postpartum family planning services and counseling into childbirth care is vital to newborn and maternal health and survival.<\/h2>\r\nOffering contraceptive counselling and a wide range of modern methods along the continuum of childbirth care has shown to increase contraception use, which enables women to choose when and if to have a baby. Family planning use is considered postpartum if the woman initiates and uses a method in the first twelve months after childbirth. Postpartum reproductive health and family planning also includes services initiated after miscarriage or abortion. Pregnancies that are spaced by at least two years after a live birth and six months after a miscarriage or induced abortion can reduce the risk of complications and adverse newborn outcomes. Maternal survival is also impacted as women who practice healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies are less likely to die in childbirth or from pregnancy complications. Integrating contraception counseling and services into quality antenatal, postnatal, and newborn care is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/immediate-postpartum-family-planning\/\">proven intervention<\/a> and should be included in both facility and community based services.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">163<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666117399105{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of women with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(22)00936-9\/fulltext\">unmet need for modern contraception services in 2019<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1.7<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1667922548234{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of fewer newborn deaths annually if <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/fact-sheet\/investing-sexual-and-reproductive-health-low-and-middle-income-countries\">unmet contraceptive need is met <\/a>in LMICs<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">700<\/span>k<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1667922954092{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of stillbirths that could be averted annually if <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/report\/adding-it-up-investing-in-sexual-reproductive-health-2019\">unmet contraceptive need is met<\/a> in LMICS<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More on Family Planning\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<strong>Family planning methods:<\/strong> There are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/family-planning-contraception\">many methods available<\/a>, under many different brand names. Modern methods include oral contraception pills, implants, injectable, intrauterine devices (IUDs), emergency contraception, male and female condoms, male and female sterilization, and lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). Additional methods include withdrawal, the calendar or rhythm method, and other fertility based methods. Some are more effective than others, and many rely on proper use to ensure effectiveness. Most of these contraceptives can be <a href=\"https:\/\/postpartumfp.srhr.org\/\">safely used immediately postpartum<\/a>; the rest can be initiated shortly after delivery, within a few weeks to six months.\r\n\r\nThe lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9678098\/\">98% effective<\/a> for the first six months postpartum. LAM prevents pregnancy while the mother is exclusively breastfeeding. It becomes less effective when other foods and liquids, like formula, are included, so women who are unable to exclusively breastfeed should consider other methods.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<strong>Spacing of pregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Use of family planning helps achieve healthy spacing of pregnancies, which is critical to a healthy pregnancy and delivery and to newborn survival. When pregnancies are too close together (less than 24 months between the last live birth and the next pregnancy), the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and newborn death increases; when pregnancy begins within six months of the last live birth, these complications are even more likely. Furthermore, when a mother who is still nursing an infant of any age becomes pregnant again, it is difficult to meet the nutritional needs of the mother, nursing baby, and fetus.\r\n\r\n<strong>Timing of pregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Studies have shown that both newborns and mothers have the healthiest outcomes when pregnancies occur after age 18. When mothers are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4562289\/\">younger than 18<\/a>, they and their infants face increased risk of birth\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/complications-during-childbirth\/\">complications<\/a>, including stillbirth, low birth weight, and preterm birth. When possible, it is recommended to time pregnancies appropriately, especially by delaying first pregnancy until at least age 18. Adolescents, regardless of marital status, should have access to contraceptive methods to delay pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_single_image image=\"56227\" add_caption=\"yes\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Key resources\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/training-resource-package-for-family-planning\/\">Training Resource Package for Family Planning\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fphandbook.org\/\">Family Planning Global Handbook for Providers<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/immediate-postpartum-family-planning\/\">High Impact Practices for Family Planning \u2013 Immediate Postpartum Family Planning<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/negative-effects-of-short-birth-interval-on-child-mortality-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis\/\">Negative effects of short birth interval on child mortality in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta analysis<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/family-planning-contraception\">WHO Family planning\/contraception methods<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9678098\/\">Postpartum contraception: the lactational amenorrhea method<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Reproductive health & family planning","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"reproductive-health-family-planning","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-02-07 16:00:38","post_modified_gmt":"2023-02-07 21:00:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=136","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[{"ID":251,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_date_gmt":"2015-11-22 21:37:22","post_content":"","post_title":"Asia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"asia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_modified_gmt":"2016-02-11 21:51:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=region&p=251","menu_order":0,"post_type":"region","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"countries":[{"ID":152,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 21:50:06","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 21:50:06","post_content":"[vc_row][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453305596740{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Leading causes of neonatal deaths in Bangladesh (2020)\" el_class=\"transform:upperclass\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_round_chart type=\"doughnut\" stroke_width=\"1\" stroke_color=\"custom\" values=\"%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%221%25%20Diarrhoea%22%2C%22value%22%3A%221%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Tetanus%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%23f4524d%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%228%25%20Pneumonia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%228%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22peacoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2233%25%20Preterm%20birth%20complications%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2233%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2225%25%20Intrapartum%20related%20events%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2225%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22turquoise%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%229%25%20Sepsis%20and%20other%20infectious%20conditions%20of%20the%20newborn%22%2C%22value%22%3A%229%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2210%25%20Congenital%20abnormalities%5Ct%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2210%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2213%25%20Other%20conditions%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2213%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22chino%22%7D%5D\" custom_stroke_color=\"#f6f6f4\" css=\".vc_custom_1685474035233{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Estimates for causes of death 2000-2020 generated by the WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) 2023 and downloaded from <a href=\"http:\/\/data.unicef.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/data.unicef.org&source=gmail&ust=1551964625737000&usg=AFQjCNFsFTtu9FzS8H64YC88NPOzQVbPwQ\">http:\/\/data.unicef.org<\/a><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" gap=\"5\" css=\".vc_custom_1453306441839{background-image: url(\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/country-stat-bkgr.jpg?id=389) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}\"][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453306493120{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"key indicators\" el_class=\"transform:uppercase text-white\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685474072957{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">16<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685474098908{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">4.8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Annual reduction in newborn mortality rate 2000-2021 (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685474119270{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><b>59<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Proportion of under-5 child deaths that are newborn (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685474149008{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">20.5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stillbirth rate (deaths per 1,000 births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651069372133{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">59<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Skilled birth attendance (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651069531142{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><b>47<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1698691660987{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">16.2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preterm birth rate (births <37 weeks per 100 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685474189742{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">123<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1453307990481{margin-top: 20px !important;}\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Visit our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">page to explore the most recent data further<\/span><\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Bangladesh","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"bangladesh","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-10-30 14:46:18","post_modified_gmt":"2023-10-30 18:46:18","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=country&p=152","menu_order":0,"post_type":"country","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"views":"45","why_feature":"","submitter_email":"","writein_authors_repeater":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/62134"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/62134\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=62134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}