{"id":62147,"date":"2024-02-26T13:01:14","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T18:01:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=resource&p=62147"},"modified":"2024-02-26T13:01:14","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T18:01:14","slug":"syphilis-prevalence-and-correlates-of-infection-among-venezuelan-refugees-and-migrants-in-colombia-findings-of-a-cross-sectional-biobehavioral-survey","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/syphilis-prevalence-and-correlates-of-infection-among-venezuelan-refugees-and-migrants-in-colombia-findings-of-a-cross-sectional-biobehavioral-survey\/","title":{"rendered":"Syphilis prevalence and correlates of infection among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia: findings of a cross-sectional biobehavioral survey"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Background<\/h2>\n

Population-based estimates of\u00a0syphilis<\/a>\u00a0prevalence are critical to informing\u00a0public health<\/a>\u00a0response. We aimed to measure syphilis prevalence among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia to inform public health programming.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Methods<\/h2>\n

Between July 2021 and February 2022, we surveyed 6221 adult Venezuelan refugees and migrants in four cities in Colombia using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Participants completed a survey and dual-rapid HIV\/treponemal syphilis screening. Confirmatory laboratory-based\u00a0rapid plasma reagin<\/a>\u00a0testing was conducted on whole blood samples. Active syphilis infection was defined as\u00a0RPR<\/a>\u00a0titer\u00a0\u2265\u00a01:8 and no self-reported syphilis\u00a0treatment<\/a>. We used multivariable regression models to identify associations with active syphilis infection among subgroups by gender and history of pregnancy (cisgender men n\u00a0=\u00a02123, cisgender women n\u00a0=\u00a04044, transgender\/nonbinary people n\u00a0=\u00a047, pregnant women n\u00a0=\u00a0150).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Findings<\/h2>\n

Population (RDS-weighted) prevalence of laboratory-confirmed syphilis was 5.1% (95% CI: 4.6\u20135.6). Syphilis prevalence was 5.8% (weighted) among men; lifetime sexually transmitted infections (STI) diagnosis, same-sex relationships,\u00a0HIV infection<\/a>, and partner number were independently associated with syphilis infection. Syphilis prevalence was 4.6% (weighted) in women; correlates of infection included: lifetime STI diagnosis, food insecurity, current engagement in sex work, current pregnancy, any unsafe night in Colombia, irregular migration status, and no healthcare utilization in Colombia. 14.9% (unweighted) of transgender participants had syphilis infection; correlates of infection included partner number and HIV infection. The prevalence of syphilis was 9.0% (weighted) among pregnant women, which was associated with lifetime STI diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Interpretation<\/h2>\n

Syphilis among Venezuelans in Colombia is high. Correlates of infection are distinct among demographic groups, spanning sexual and social vulnerabilities, suggesting tailored public health strategies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Background Population-based estimates of\u00a0syphilis\u00a0prevalence are critical to informing\u00a0public health\u00a0response. We aimed to measure syphilis prevalence among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia to inform public health programming. Methods Between July 2021 and February 2022, we surveyed 6221 adult Venezuelan refugees and migrants in four cities in Colombia using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Participants completed a survey … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7211,"featured_media":62149,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","toolkit":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHealthy Newborn Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Population-based estimates of\u00a0syphilis\u00a0prevalence are critical to informing\u00a0public health\u00a0response. 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Page, Miguel \u00c1ngel Barriga Talero, Jhon Jairo L\u00f3pez, Juli\u00e1n Alfredo Fern\u00e1ndez-Ni\u00f1o, Ricardo Luque N\u00fa\u00f1ez, Paul Spiegel, Andrea L. Wirtz ","type":"articles","language":["en"],"external_links":[{"link":""}],"files":[{"file":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/1-s2.0-S2667193X23002430-main.pdf"}],"partners":[],"other_organizations":"","issues":[{"ID":133,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:20:35","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:20:35","post_content":"<p>[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Many countries experiencing humanitarian crises, including civil conflict, recurring natural disasters, or both, also have severe newborn and maternal mortality. For countries already burdened with poor maternal and newborn health outcomes, emergencies exacerbate existing challenges.<\/h2>\n<p>Population movements, insecurity, increased burden on health systems, poor or damaged infrastructure and limited availability of qualified health workers can restrict access to quality care. Recent analyses have indicated that roughly 60% of maternal deaths and 45% of newborn deaths occur in countries affected by a humanitarian\u00a0 crisis or fragile conditions. The highest rates of stillbirth occur in conflict and emergency settings. Further studies and efforts to improve measurements are encouraged in order to better track progress and increase accountability.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">29<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1655835486516{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">babies were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/13-01-2021-early-childhood-development-in-conflict-affected-countries-is-key-to-life-long-health-wellbeing-and-prosperity-says-who-and-partners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">born into conflict-affected areas<\/a> in 2018<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">500<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1655835996933{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/UNFPA_HumanitAction_2019_PDF_Online_Version_16_Jan_2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">number of women and girls who die <\/a>from complications due to pregnancy and childbirth every day in countries facing humanitarian and fragile contexts<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">40<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1655836784867{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">percentage of refugees<\/a> who are children<br \/>\nunder the age of 18<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-green\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">45<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1576100716179{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pub-pdf\/Humanitarian_2017_Overview-Final_updated-11_Jan_2017_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">percentage of newborn deaths<\/a> occurring in countries affected by humanitarian crises and fragility<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings Field Guide<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-humanitarian-settings-field-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English\u00a0<\/a>|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings-field-guide-french\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings-field-guide-spanish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Espa\u00f1ol\u00a0<\/a>| <a href=\"https:\/\/newbornfieldguide.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Web portal (2022)<\/a>*<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>*The web portal brings together essential guidance and tools that healthcare providers will find useful in designing, managing, monitoring, and evaluating newborn health services within humanitarian settings.<\/em><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/arabic-newborn-health-humanitarian-settings-field-guide\/\">\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649<\/a><b><\/b><i><\/i><u><\/u><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Manual: Newborn Care Supply Kits for Humanitarian Settings<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/manual-newborn-care-supply-kits-for-humanitarian-settings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">English<\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Global Commitments<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/a-declaration-to-accelerate-newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings\/\">A Declaration to Accelerate Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings (2019)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newbornroadmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roadmap to Accelerate Progress for Every Newborn in Humanitarian Settings 2020-2024<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/surviving-day-one-caring-for-mothers-and-newborns-in-humanitarian-emergencies-on-the-day-of-childbirth\/\">\u00a0Surviving Day One: Caring for Mothers and Newborns in Humanitarian Emergencies on the Day of Childbirth<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_text_separator title=\"More on Newborn Health in Emergencies\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Calibri;\">It is no coincidence that countries affected by humanitarian crises and conflict are the riskiest for mothers and babies. Access to essential services before, during, and after pregnancy in these settings is severely restricted. As the number of people affected by conflict, natural disasters, and other emergencies increases, the gap between needs and resources is growing. There is a growing demand from responders and governments to provide for the most vulnerable groups. When a baby is born in an emergency setting, the number of risks that are encountered in the first days of life may seem insurmountable \u2014 but even in these precarious situations, many of the deaths that occur around the time of birth are preventable. We can do something to help.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Calibri;\">The global health cluster that is led by the World Health Organization has agreed on and recently revised the <a href=\"https:\/\/iawg.net\/resources\/misp-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Minimum Initial Service Package<\/a> for reproductive health in crisis situations. The <a href=\"https:\/\/iawgfieldmanual.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inter-Agency Field Manual and MISP reference sheet<\/a> are also available. Recognizing the gap for newborns, an inter-agency group of stakeholders and UN agencies developed additional evidence and guidelines, and coordinate advocacy for newborn health in humanitarian emergencies. They aim to galvanize efforts to ensure that life-saving care is available even in the most difficult of circumstances.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_text_separator title=\"Additional Resources\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/toolkit\/\">Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings: Implementation Toolkit <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/newborn-health-resources-trainings-and-tools-for-improving-newborn-health-in-humanitarian-settings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Newborn Health Resources: Trainings and Tools for Improving Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1752-1505-8-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Neonatal survival in complex humanitarian emergencies: setting an evidence-based research agenda<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3488319\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Neonatal survival interventions in humanitarian emergencies: a survey of current practices and programs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","post_title":"Newborn Health in Emergencies","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"emergencies","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-08-02 15:18:08","post_modified_gmt":"2023-08-02 19:18:08","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=133","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":126,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:19:14","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:19:14","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Severe newborn infections\u2014including sepsis, meningitis, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/pneumonia\/\">pneumonia<\/a>\u2014are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns in low- and middle-income countries.<\/h2>\r\nRecent analyses estimate that globally, approximately 400,000 newborns die each year as a result of severe infections, over one-sixth of the total burden of newborn deaths. Most of these deaths could be averted through:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>preventive measures, such as improving hygiene practices, and<\/li>\r\n \t<li>timely and appropriate care for sick newborns.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">17<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456252549558{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">percentage of neonatal deaths caused by severe bacterial infections<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">400<\/span>k<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1456252596727{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of newborns who die each year as a result of severe infections<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><span class=\"ticker\">8<\/span><\/b><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1653422219529{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">percentage of neonatal deaths caused by pneumonia<\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a>\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/em><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453407008439{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #f6f6f6 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Prevention\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Preventive measures during the antenatal and intrapartum periods can reduce the risk of congenital and newborn infections while protecting the health of the mother. Before and during pregnancy, women can be screened and treated for syphilis and vaccinated against diseases like tetanus. In addition to preventing subsequent infection in the newborn, treating maternal infections during pregnancy \u2013 such as antibiotics for prolonged, preterm rupture of membranes or chorioamnionitis -- can also greatly reduce the risk for preterm birth, a leading cause of newborn mortality as well as prevent serious newborn infection.\r\n\r\nClean birth practices reduce the rate of newborn infections at home and implementation of consistent, high-quality infection control practices reduces newborn infections in facility settings. Hygienic umbilical cord care, including using a sterile instrument to cut the cord and, when appropriate and per national guidelines, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/chlorhexidine-for-umbilical-cord-care\/\">applying chlorhexidine to the newborn cord stump<\/a>, can also reduce infection and preventable death. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/breastfeeding-and-feeding-of-small-and-sick-newborns\/\">Early and exclusive breastfeeding<\/a> also reduces the likelihood of newborn infections in several ways, including providing critical support to boost immune system development and avoiding the introduction of potentially harmful substances to the immature gut.\r\n\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453407008439{padding-top: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;background-color: #f6f6f6 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"Management\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]WHO recommends that newborns and young infants should be hospitalized when they have signs of possible <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/treatment-of-possible-severe-bacterial-infection\/\">serious bacterial infection, and treated<\/a> with 7 days of a combination of injectable antibiotics \u2013 gentaminin and ampicillin (or penicillin). In many or most low and middle-income countries (LMICs), such hospital-based treatment is not routinely feasible for many families for a number of cultural, geographic, and financial barriers. In these circumstances, recent evidence has led WHO to recommend outpatient antibiotics to such newborns and young infants to successfully treat the illness. The recommended antibiotic course is a combination of injectable and oral antibiotics: 2 days of once-daily gentamicin combined with 7 days of twice-daily oral amoxicillin. A follow up visit at 4 days of treatment is recommended to ensure adherence to the antibiotics and to ensure improvement in the newborn\u2019s condition. When referral from outpatient facility to hospital is accepted by families, the health center provider should ensure that the newborn or young infant is first given a dose of gentamicin and amoxicillin since even short delays in initiation of treatment can mean the difference between life and death.\r\n\r\nSaving newborn lives from life-threatening infections is now indeed feasible, acceptable, and effective in reducing preventable newborn and young infant deaths, and should be a top public health priority.\r\n\r\n<strong>Key Resources:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25274969\/\">Respiratory Distress in the Newborn <\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/SafeOxygen_english_7.6.17.pdf\">Safe and effective oxygen use for inpatient care of newborns<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/InfectionPrevention_english_7.6.17.pdf\">Safe and effective infection prevention for inpatient newborn care<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.everypreemie.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/DNH_TechBrief_MgmtNewbornInfection_7.15.19.pdf\">Management of newborn infections during inpatient care<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2013207\">Neonatal severe bacterial infection impairment estimates in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America for 2010<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Severe infections","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"severe-infections","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2022-10-18 14:43:52","post_modified_gmt":"2022-10-18 18:43:52","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=126","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":136,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 15:21:03","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 15:21:03","post_content":"[vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1453403441710{margin-top: -60px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}\"][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h2>Integrating postpartum family planning services and counseling into childbirth care is vital to newborn and maternal health and survival.<\/h2>\r\nOffering contraceptive counselling and a wide range of modern methods along the continuum of childbirth care has shown to increase contraception use, which enables women to choose when and if to have a baby. Family planning use is considered postpartum if the woman initiates and uses a method in the first twelve months after childbirth. Postpartum reproductive health and family planning also includes services initiated after miscarriage or abortion. Pregnancies that are spaced by at least two years after a live birth and six months after a miscarriage or induced abortion can reduce the risk of complications and adverse newborn outcomes. Maternal survival is also impacted as women who practice healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies are less likely to die in childbirth or from pregnancy complications. Integrating contraception counseling and services into quality antenatal, postnatal, and newborn care is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/immediate-postpartum-family-planning\/\">proven intervention<\/a> and should be included in both facility and community based services.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\" el_class=\"issue-stats\"][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-red\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">163<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1666117399105{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of women with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(22)00936-9\/fulltext\">unmet need for modern contraception services in 2019<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-yellow\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">1.7<\/span>m<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1667922548234{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of fewer newborn deaths annually if <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/fact-sheet\/investing-sexual-and-reproductive-health-low-and-middle-income-countries\">unmet contraceptive need is met <\/a>in LMICs<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner el_class=\"text-blue\" width=\"1\/3\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">700<\/span>k<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/3\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1667922954092{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 10px !important;}\"]\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number of stillbirths that could be averted annually if <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/report\/adding-it-up-investing-in-sexual-reproductive-health-2019\">unmet contraceptive need is met<\/a> in LMICS<\/span><\/h3>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner content_placement=\"middle\"][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_separator][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">All data on this page represents the most recent data available, unless otherwise noted. Please visit our\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Newborn Numbers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u00a0page and download the Excel spreadsheet to explore the data further.<\/span><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" css=\".vc_custom_1452696349804{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;background-color: #f6f6f4 !important;}\"][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=\"More on Family Planning\" color=\"custom\" accent_color=\"#cccccc\"][vc_row_inner equal_height=\"yes\"][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<strong>Family planning methods:<\/strong> There are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/family-planning-contraception\">many methods available<\/a>, under many different brand names. Modern methods include oral contraception pills, implants, injectable, intrauterine devices (IUDs), emergency contraception, male and female condoms, male and female sterilization, and lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). Additional methods include withdrawal, the calendar or rhythm method, and other fertility based methods. Some are more effective than others, and many rely on proper use to ensure effectiveness. Most of these contraceptives can be <a href=\"https:\/\/postpartumfp.srhr.org\/\">safely used immediately postpartum<\/a>; the rest can be initiated shortly after delivery, within a few weeks to six months.\r\n\r\nThe lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9678098\/\">98% effective<\/a> for the first six months postpartum. LAM prevents pregnancy while the mother is exclusively breastfeeding. It becomes less effective when other foods and liquids, like formula, are included, so women who are unable to exclusively breastfeed should consider other methods.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<strong>Spacing of pregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Use of family planning helps achieve healthy spacing of pregnancies, which is critical to a healthy pregnancy and delivery and to newborn survival. When pregnancies are too close together (less than 24 months between the last live birth and the next pregnancy), the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and newborn death increases; when pregnancy begins within six months of the last live birth, these complications are even more likely. Furthermore, when a mother who is still nursing an infant of any age becomes pregnant again, it is difficult to meet the nutritional needs of the mother, nursing baby, and fetus.\r\n\r\n<strong>Timing of pregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Studies have shown that both newborns and mothers have the healthiest outcomes when pregnancies occur after age 18. When mothers are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4562289\/\">younger than 18<\/a>, they and their infants face increased risk of birth\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/issue\/complications-during-childbirth\/\">complications<\/a>, including stillbirth, low birth weight, and preterm birth. When possible, it is recommended to time pregnancies appropriately, especially by delaying first pregnancy until at least age 18. Adolescents, regardless of marital status, should have access to contraceptive methods to delay pregnancy.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_single_image image=\"56227\" add_caption=\"yes\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Key resources\"][vc_column_text]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/training-resource-package-for-family-planning\/\">Training Resource Package for Family Planning\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fphandbook.org\/\">Family Planning Global Handbook for Providers<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/immediate-postpartum-family-planning\/\">High Impact Practices for Family Planning \u2013 Immediate Postpartum Family Planning<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/resource\/negative-effects-of-short-birth-interval-on-child-mortality-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis\/\">Negative effects of short birth interval on child mortality in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta analysis<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/family-planning-contraception\">WHO Family planning\/contraception methods<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/9678098\/\">Postpartum contraception: the lactational amenorrhea method<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Reproductive health & family planning","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"reproductive-health-family-planning","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-02-07 16:00:38","post_modified_gmt":"2023-02-07 21:00:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=issue&p=136","menu_order":0,"post_type":"issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"regions":[{"ID":250,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 22:10:30","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 22:10:30","post_content":"","post_title":"Latin America and Caribbean","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"latin-america-and-caribbean","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2016-02-11 21:52:01","post_modified_gmt":"2016-02-11 21:52:01","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=region&p=250","menu_order":0,"post_type":"region","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"countries":[{"ID":165,"post_author":"7211","post_date":"2015-10-21 21:55:28","post_date_gmt":"2015-10-21 21:55:28","post_content":"[vc_row][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453305596740{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"Leading causes of neonatal deaths in Colombia (2020)\" el_class=\"transform:upperclass\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner][vc_round_chart type=\"doughnut\" stroke_width=\"1\" stroke_color=\"custom\" values=\"%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Diarrhoea%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22vista-blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%220%25%20Tetanus%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22mulled-wine%22%2C%22custom_color%22%3A%22%235472d2%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%224%25%20Pneumonia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%224%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22peacoc%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2233%25%20Preterm%20birth%20complications%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2233%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22blue%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2210%25%20Intrapartum%20related%20events%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2210%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22turquoise%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2215%25%20Sepsis%20and%20other%20infectious%20conditions%20of%20the%20newborn%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2215%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22pink%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2227%25%20Congenital%20abnormalities%5Ct%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2227%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22violet%22%7D%2C%7B%22title%22%3A%2212%25%20Other%20conditions%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2212%25%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22chino%22%7D%5D\" custom_stroke_color=\"#f6f6f4\" css=\".vc_custom_1685644958081{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}\"][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]\r\n<h6 style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Estimates for causes of death 2000-2020 generated by the WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (MCEE) 2023 and downloaded from <a href=\"http:\/\/data.unicef.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http:\/\/data.unicef.org&source=gmail&ust=1551964625737000&usg=AFQjCNFsFTtu9FzS8H64YC88NPOzQVbPwQ\">http:\/\/data.unicef.org<\/a><\/h6>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row\" gap=\"5\" css=\".vc_custom_1453306441839{background-image: url(\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/hnn-content\/uploads\/country-stat-bkgr.jpg?id=389) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}\"][vc_column css=\".vc_custom_1453306493120{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 30px !important;}\"][vc_text_separator title=\"key indicators\" el_class=\"transform:uppercase text-white\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651157498895{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><b>7<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Newborn mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1551897896037{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">3.1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Annual reduction in newborn mortality rate 2000-2021 (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651157516063{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">54<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Proportion of under-5 child deaths that are newborn (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685645099253{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><span class=\"ticker\"><strong>7.1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Stillbirth rate (deaths per 1,000 births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685645003823{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">98.8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Skilled birth attendance (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1651157539264{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #41aaab;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">69<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1698692104563{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #e05533;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Preterm birth rate (births <37 weeks per 100 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1685645031273{margin-bottom: -5px !important;}\"]\r\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #d9a23b;\"><strong><span class=\"ticker\">75<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=\"text-white\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)<\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=\".vc_custom_1453307990481{margin-top: 20px !important;}\"]\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Visit our<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/numbers\/\">Newborn Numbers<\/a> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">page to explore the most recent data further<\/span><\/h5>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","post_title":"Colombia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"colombia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-10-30 14:53:39","post_modified_gmt":"2023-10-30 18:53:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/?post_type=country&p=165","menu_order":0,"post_type":"country","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"views":"33","why_feature":"","submitter_email":"","writein_authors_repeater":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/62147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/62147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"toolkit","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.healthynewbornnetwork.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/toolkit?post=62147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}