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The Alma-Ata vision of a health system rooted in primary health care, which is person-centred and multisectoral, is as relevant now as it ever was. Nursing and midwifery can play a more central part in making this vision a reality. The health workforce has always been central to the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata that recognised the important role of health workers in achieving this vision. More recently, the World Health Assembly adopted resolutions on the Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health in 2016 and the Working for Health 5-year action plan in 2017 that committed countries to develop a primary health care workforce responsive to population needs as part of universal health coverage.