The Swaziland Ministry of Health (MOH) with support from the World Bank, WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA conducted a Maternal and Neonatal Health (MNH) assessment in January 2010. The objectives of the MNH assessment were (i) to provide critical information on the current status of the provision of emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) at the health facilities; (ii) to help identify deficient areas for targeted interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Swaziland; and (iii) provide baseline data for the EmONC component of the Ministry of Health’s Swaziland Health, HIV/AIDS, and TB Project, which aims to improve emergency obstetric and neonatal care in Swaziland. Of the total of 223 health facilities in Swaziland, 59 health facilities were selected for this assessment, including the 27 identified in the 2008 Service Availability Mapping as having delivery/maternity beds.